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Muscle Physiology > Decreased Use > Flashcards

Decreased Use Flashcards

1
Q

What are some models of decreased use

A
  • immobilization
  • spinal cord transection
  • unloading
  • tenotomy
  • Denervation
  • aging
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2
Q

Why is immobilization relevent for PT

A

surgery

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3
Q

Will type 1 or type 2 muscles look more muscle mass with immobilization

A

type 1

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4
Q

is soleus a type 1 or 2

A

1

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5
Q

is gastroc a type 1 or 2

A

2

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6
Q

will a muscle lose more mass with a lengthened or shortened position

A

shortened

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7
Q

_______ muscles atrophy to a greater extent than _____ muscles

A

slow (1)
fast (2)

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8
Q

_________ muscles atrophy to a greater extent than their antagonists

A

antigravity

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9
Q

T or F: due to a lack of muscle length control in many studies there are many exceptions in immobilization research

A

T

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10
Q

T or F: muscle length plays a role in immobilization mass loss

A

T

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11
Q

Which quad is mostly fast twitch

A

VL

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12
Q

_____ joint muscles atrophy faster than _____ joint muscles

A

2
1

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13
Q

_____ fiber atrophy was VM = VL> RF
______ fiber atrophy was VM>VL>RF

A

fast
slow

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14
Q

_________ endomysium and perimysium in VM and VL study

A

increased

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15
Q

most susceptible to atrophy with immobilization

A

antigravity, single joint, large proportion of slow fibers

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16
Q

less susceptible to muscle atrophy with immobilization

A

antigravity muscles, predominately slow, cross multiple joints

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17
Q

least susceptive to atrophy with immobilization

A

phasically activated, predominately fast

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18
Q

examples of most susceptible muscles

A

VM, soleus, VI, multifidus

19
Q

examples of less susceptible muscles

A

RF, gastroc, longissimus, erector spinae

20
Q

examples of least susceptible muscles

A

EDL, TA, biceps

21
Q

_______ is proportional to the total amount of contractile material

A

mass

22
Q

strength is a function of _________

A

CSA (architecture)

23
Q

muscle fiber CSA correlates to ____________ in the immobilized then remobilized model

A

muscle tension

24
Q

T or F: there is a greater loss of muscle at 3 weeks with exercise than there is at 2 weeks with no exercise

A

T

25
Q

type ______ shifts to type ____ with immobilization

A

1
2

26
Q

why is it important to know type 1 fibers shift to type 2 fibers with immobilization

A

the pt will be able to meet force but not endurance demands post surgery. they have increased fatigability which is when more injuries occur

27
Q

when you have a spinal cord transection you are…

A

weaker, activate faster, and are more easily fatigued

28
Q

contractile properties after long-term cordotomy

A
  • soleus increased contractile speed, EDL didn’t
  • specific tension increased 100% (because soleus had smaller CSA but same force output)
29
Q

is stepping or stand alone training better after a cordotomy

A

stepping (has higher force and intermittent loading)

(stand alone has lower and constant loads which is why stepping is better)

30
Q

T or F: post cordotomy there is nearly normal rhythmic activity of the locomotory muscles

A

T

31
Q

changes that occured in muscle with training post cordotomy

A
  • decrease tetanic tension
  • increase velocity
  • decrease % of slow fibers
32
Q

T or F: type 2 muscle loses more mass than type 1 with unloading

A

F - type 1 loses more mass

33
Q

T or F: you continuously lose muscle mass with unloading

A

F it plateaus after about 30 days

34
Q

what are changes in slow twitch muscles with unloading

A
  • decrease fiber diameter
  • decrease specific tension
  • increase velocity
35
Q

what are changes in fast twitch muscles with unloading

A
  • decrease fiber diameter
  • decrease specific tension
    *no change with velocity
36
Q

T or F: changes in fast AND slow fibers in muscles during unloading will be dependent on levels of activation

A

T
(if unloaded but can still activate ex. space will preserve more muscle than unloaded and can’t activate ex. coma)

37
Q

there is a _________ in force with unloading

A

decrease

38
Q

glycolytic capacity _________ with unloading

A

increases because type 1 shifts to type 2

39
Q

what happens to muscle mass and force generation post tenotomy

A
  • anti-gravity atrophys more
  • with intact innervation, slow converts to fast fibers
40
Q

what happens to connective tissue post tenotomy

A

it increases

41
Q

what happens to capillaries post tenotomy

A

decrease esp in slow twitch

42
Q

what happens to sarcomeres post tenotomy

A

shorter sarcomeres to optomize the contractile function of each sarcomere

43
Q

loss of __________ over time in tenotomy results in return to normal sarcomere length

A

sarcomeres

Muscle Physiology (19 decks)

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