Bone and Cartilage Flashcards
Hard bone forms when ___________- deposit calcium phosphate crystals in the matrix
osteoblasts
cartilage has firm but flexible matrix secreted by cells called ____________
chondrocytes
by what process does cartilage turn into bone?
endochondral ossification
what are the 3 types of cartilage we’re studying
- hyaline
- elastic
- fibrocartilage
what is the most common type of cartilage
hyaline
what does hyaline cartilage consist of? what type of collagen?
- type 2 collagen and proteoglycans
what is the purpose of ________ cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plate?
hyaline
- resists compressive forces at sites of bone articulation
which types of cartilage has a perichondrium membrane? what does not?
hyaline and elastic does, fibrocartilage does NOT
What type of collagen is in elastic cartilage?
type 2
where is elastic cartilage found?
- larynx, ear, epiglottis, and eustachian tubes
this cartilage is flexible and pressure resistant!
What type of collagen is in fibrocartilage?
type 1
*fibrocartilage still has proteoglycans but much less than hyaline cartilage
Where is fibrocartilage found?
- tendons, ligaments, intervertebral discs, some bone articular surfaces, and menisci
What is the perichondrium membrane?
a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds and supports the cartilage
the perichondrium membrane has 2 layers. the outer fibrous layer has _____________ connective tissue rich in collagen fibers and the inner chondrogenic layer has ____________ connective tissue containing chondroblasts
dense irregular
loose connective tissue
of the perichondrium membrane, the _____________ layer is responsible for providing structural protection from external forces and the _________ layer is responsible for the growth and repair of the cartilage
outer fibrous
inner chondrogenic
fibrocartilaginous enthesis leads from ______ to ________ and allows for muscle contraction to transmit force through tendon to the bone
tendon to bone
what are the 4 transition zones for fibrocartilaginous enthesis
- tendinous area transition containing longitundinal fibroblasts and parallel arrangement of collagen fibers
- fibrocartilaginous region where main cells transition from fibroblasts to chondrocytes
- “tide mark” transition from cartilaginous to calcified fibrocartiage (perpendicular to bone)
- bone
is trabecular bone the same as spongy bone?
yes
what is the difference in purpose between red and yellow bone marrow
red does hematopoesis, yellow is fatty tissue
what is in the central haversian canals?
blood vessels
what connects lacuna?
canicula
what is contained in lacuna?
osteocytes
-________ form bone, ________ reabsorb bone, __________ maintains bone tissue, __________- are bone stem cells that become ostoblasts
osteoblast
osteoclast
osteocyte
osteogenic cells
bones _________ when matrix is deposited faster than it is resorbed
grow
PTH is released when we need to _______ ca levels
raise
takes from bone, enhances renal reabsorption, and increases intestinal absorption
PTH works with _________ to promote bone resorption, intestinal absorption, and distal nephron reabsorption, all of which tend to elevate plasma concentrations of Ca
calcitriol
intestinal absorption is regulated by ______ and but ___________ absorption is not regulated
vitamin D3
paracellular
renal reabsorption in distal tubule is regulated by _______ and __________
PTH and vitamin D3
once inside an intestinal or renal cells, Ca binds to ______
calbindin
Ncx works how?
3 Na in the cell, 1 Ca out
T or F: PTH is stored until you need it
F, PTH is made when you need it and is destroyed quickly, within 20 minutes
what is the primary hormone responsible for enhancing Ca uptake, is active vitamin D3, facilitates renal reabsorption of Ca, mobilizes Ca from bones, and production is regulated by PTH
calcitriol
what hormone is produced by C cells of thyroid gland, is released when theres too much blood Ca, decreases bone resorption, increases renal Ca excretion and used to treat Paget’s disease
calcitonin
To maintain Ca balance, Ca dietary intake should _______ loss in the urine and feces
equal
Tor F: when growing new bone dividing chondrocytes adding length to the bone are on the distal end of the bone
T
T or F: GH can directly stimulate cartilage growth
F, only bone and tissue growth and increase blood glucose.
IGF is the only thing that can stimulate cartilage growth directly
