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Muscle Physiology > Injury and Repair > Flashcards

Injury and Repair Flashcards

1
Q

muscle injury can result from

A
  • disease
  • myotoxic agents
  • trauma (sharp/blunt/surgery)
  • ischemia
  • hot/cold temps
  • contractions (esp. eccentric)
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2
Q

do you gain force after an initial injury

A

yes

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3
Q

does peak CK occur before or after peak tenderness

A

after

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4
Q

when is peak soreness post exercise

A

24-48 hrs

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5
Q

when is peak CK post exercise

A

5-7 days

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6
Q

when is peak strength post exercise

A

1-24hrs post

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7
Q

when is peak acute inflammation post exercise

A

1-12hrs

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8
Q

when is peak chronic inflammation post exercise

A

5-7 days

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9
Q

how long does it take muscles to recovery from a heavy lift

A

about a week, only train that muscle group at that intensity once a week

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10
Q

what are some changes after injury

A
  • z-line changes
  • necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells
  • damage repaired by regeneration of fiber damage (takes time)
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11
Q

what is some things that happen with structural damage

A
  • myofibrillar disruption (z-line periodicity lost)
  • sarcolemma disruption
  • swelling and disruption of the sarcotubular system
  • damage to the cytoskeleton (desmin)
  • abnormalities in the extracellular matrix
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12
Q

biochemical events with contraction-induced injury

A
  • increased cytosolic ca+
  • digestion of myofibrillar proteins and phospholipids (damaged proteins)
  • inflammatory response (macrophages, IL1, IL6, TNFa, free radicals)
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13
Q

DOMs is…

A

muscle pain
occurs with lengthening contractions and high-force isometric contractions when the muscle is at a long length

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14
Q

DOMs stiffness may be related to…

A

edema

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15
Q

DOMs tenderness may be related to…

A

inflammatory response

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16
Q

T or F: lactate causes muscle pain not DOMs

A

lol, no. false

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17
Q

what is protection against contraction induced injuries

A

trained muscle will protect itself and avoid injury

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18
Q

what are some sources of externally caused muscle injury

A
  • trauma.crush
  • biological toxins
  • local anesthetics
  • diseases
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19
Q

biochemical events with externally caused injury

A
  • necrotic zones
  • increased ca+
  • Ca+-activated proteases, complement components, macrophages
  • formations of stumps (anchor points)
  • mononeuron sprouting
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20
Q

________ cells proliferate and migrate

A

satellite

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21
Q

________ cells differentiate into myoblasts which fuse into myotubes

22
Q

T or F: satellite cells offer genetic control of cell proliferation, differentiation, fusion, and synthesis of muscle specific proteins

23
Q

T or F: (satellite cells) myotubes bridge stumps

24
Q

how many days after a crush injury do you see a plateau of healing

25
what are some signals for muscle repair
cytokines: IL1, IL6, TNFa growth factors: IGF1, IGF2, FGF
26
healing of skeletal muscle day 2
- macrophages are removing necrotized parts of the damaged fibers - fibroblasts have begun to form the connective tissue scar in the central zone
27
healing of skeletal muscle day 3
- within the regeneration zone, satellite cells have become activated within the basal lamina cylinders
28
healing of skeletal muscle day 5
- connective tissue in the central zone has become more dense - myoblasts have fused into the myotubes in the regenerative zone
29
healing of skeletal muscle day 7
- regenerating muscle cells begin to pierce the scar by extending out of the old basal lamina cylinders
30
healing of skeletal muscle day 14
- the regenerating fibers close the central zone gap - the scar of the central zone has condensed further and is reduced in size
31
healing of skeletal muscle day 21
the fibers have fused with little scar (connective tissue) in between
32
Should we focus on immobilization or mobilization for fibrosis?
early mobilization is important
33
what is myositis ossificans
- bone/ca+ deposits in muscle after a hard impact - high contact sports or hemophillia/other bleeding disorders in conjunction with soft tissue injury
34
COX enzymes form prostaglandins which play a role in __________
inflammation
35
in skeletal muscle, prostaglandins participate in regulation of ____________
protein synthesis
36
__________ is responsible for baseline levels of prostaglandins, ________ increases prostaglandins upon stimulation
COX1 COX2
37
_________ inhibit both COX1 and COX2
NSAIDS (ibuphrofen and aspirin)
38
newer INSAIDS (vivoxx, celebrex) target only ________-
COX2
39
___________ reduces hypertrophy of overloaded muscles
ibuprofen
40
NSAIDS ________ protein synthesis
decrease
41
T or F: in the short term, NSAIDS increase force but in the long term hinders the healing process
T
42
short term NSAID use results in
less soreness less force decline less inflammation maybe less protein synthesis
43
long term NSAID use results in
less force recovery less fiber regrowth
44
T or F: satellite cell number is blunted with NSAID use
T
45
T or F: long term NSAID use blunts long-term skeletal muscle hypertrophy in chronic mechanical overload in rats
T
46
what happens in the inflammatory phase of tendon repair
- phagocytosis of necrotic debris - tenocytes proliferate
47
what happens in the proliferative phase of tendon repair
synthesis of type 3 collagen (type 3 can be laid down faster but is weaker)
48
what happens in the consolidation stage in the remodeling phase of tendon repair
- tissue changes from cellular to fibrous - type 1 collagen is synthesized
49
what happens in the maturation stage in the consolidation phase of tendon repair
fibrous tissue changes to scar-like tendon tissue
50
muscle, lig, tendon: which heals fastest?
muscle, tendon, then ligament *blood supply issue

Muscle Physiology (19 decks)

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