Muscle III- Muscle form and action at joints Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semi- membranosus
  • semi- tendinosus
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2
Q

what are the attachment points of the semi-membranosus and the semi- tendinosis?

A

Attach to ischium and tibia

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3
Q

What are the properties/ steps of concentric actions

A
  • muscle is active, develops tension
  • Tension is greater than load
  • muscle shortens
  • change in joint position
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4
Q

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the soleus

A
    • posterior tibia and joins with gastrocnemius at calaneus tendon to connect to calcaneus
  • involved with plantar-flexion
  • is deep to gastrocnemius
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5
Q

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the iliopsoas?

A
  • Psoas major attachment starts at end of thoracic vertebrae and runs down lumbar vertebrae
  • Iliacus attaches to Ilium
  • joint muscle runs anterior to hip and attaches to medial femur
  • causes hip flexion
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6
Q

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the triceps brachii?

A
  • long head attaches to scapula
  • medial and lateral heads attach to humerus
  • all attach to ulna at olecranon (pointy part of elbow)
  • runs posterior to shoulder and elbow so responsible for extension at these joints
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7
Q

What are the properties/ steps of eccentric actions?

A
  • muscle is active, develops tensions
  • tension is less than load
  • muscle elongates
  • change in joint position
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8
Q

what are the attachment points and movements caused by the Gluteus maximus?

A
  • attaches superiorly to hip bone and sacrum, runs down and across to attach to medial femur
  • causes hip extension
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9
Q

What are the names and attachment points of the three other muscles in the quadriceps femoris and their attachment points and movements

A
  • calles vasti muscles
  • vasti lateralis attaches to lateral femur
  • vasti intermedius attaches to anterior femur and it deep to rectus femoris
  • vasti medialis attaches to medial femur
  • all 4 attach to patella which connects to tibial tuberosity via ligament
  • movement is knee extension
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10
Q

What are the properties of a 1st class lever?

A
  • fulcrum is between load and applied force
  • function is to stabilise position of joint
  • e.g. nodding head
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11
Q

name the 4 types of muscle roles:

A
  • agonist
  • antagonist
  • stabiliser
  • neutraliser
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12
Q

What two muscles make up the illiopsoas

A
  • iliacus
  • psoas major
    ( they merge together at inferior end)
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13
Q

What are fibres arranged vertically between muscle tendons called?

A

parallel

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14
Q

What are the attachment points of the biceps femoris

A
  • 2 heads
  • one attaches to ischium and other to femur
  • both attach to fibula
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15
Q

What are the three types of muscle contraction?

A
  • concentric
  • eccentric
  • isometric
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16
Q

What are the movements caused by the hamstrings?

A

extension of hip and flexion of knee

17
Q

What type of action do agonist muscle produce around a joint

A

concentric

18
Q

What do neutraliser muscles do?

A
  • eliminates unwanted movement caused by another muscle

- e.g. pronator muscle eliminate supination caused by biceps brachii

19
Q

What are the properties of 2nd class levers?

A
  • load between fulcrum and applied force
  • function is to overcome heavy loads
  • e.g. plantarflexion
20
Q

What are the properties of isometric action?

A
  • muscle is active, develops tension
  • tension does not outweigh load
  • no change in muscle length
  • no change in joint position
21
Q

What are the movements caused by, and the attachment places of the biceps brachii?

A
  • attaches to scapula and radial tuberosity
  • anterior to shoulder an elbow joints so causes flexion of shoulder and elbow
  • connection to radius also causes supination
22
Q

What two muscles are in the triceps surae

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

23
Q

What type of action do antagonist muscles produce around a joint?

A

eccentric

24
Q

What are the names of the three heads of the triceps brachii?

A
  • long head
  • lateral head
  • medial head
25
Q

What are the benefits and costs of pennate arrangement of muscle fibres?

A
  • more fibres fit into same space( greater CSA)

- reduced shortening

26
Q

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the gastrocnemius?

A
  • 2 heads which attach to posterior condoyles of femur
  • connects to soleus with calcaneus tendon which attaches to calcaneus (heel)
  • involves with plantarflexion and knee flexion
27
Q

What action to muscles with a stabiliser role produce?

A

Isometric

28
Q

What is muscle tension proportional to?

A

cross sectional area (CSA)

29
Q

what is the name of the main middle muscle of Quadriceps femoris and its superior attachment point therefor movement it is individually responsible for?

A
  • rectus femoris

- Attaches to hip bone and runs anterior to hip joint so helps with hip flexion

30
Q

What are the properties of 3rd class levers?

A
  • applied force between fulcrum and load
  • function is large ROM and speed
  • flexion at elbow
31
Q

What are the attachment points and movements cause by the deltoid

A
  • 3 attachment places- scapula, clavicle and humerus
  • main movement (concentric) is shoulder abduction
  • also involved with shoulder flexion and extension
32
Q

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the tibialis anterior?

A
  • attaches to tibial tuberosity and medial foot
  • crosses anterior to ankle joint
  • involved with doriflexion and inversion
33
Q

What are fibres arranges oblique to the muscle tendon called?

A

pennate