Muscle III- Muscle form and action at joints Flashcards
What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?
- biceps femoris
- semi- membranosus
- semi- tendinosus
what are the attachment points of the semi-membranosus and the semi- tendinosis?
Attach to ischium and tibia
What are the properties/ steps of concentric actions
- muscle is active, develops tension
- Tension is greater than load
- muscle shortens
- change in joint position
What are the attachment points and movements caused by the soleus
- posterior tibia and joins with gastrocnemius at calaneus tendon to connect to calcaneus
- involved with plantar-flexion
- is deep to gastrocnemius
What are the attachment points and movements caused by the iliopsoas?
- Psoas major attachment starts at end of thoracic vertebrae and runs down lumbar vertebrae
- Iliacus attaches to Ilium
- joint muscle runs anterior to hip and attaches to medial femur
- causes hip flexion
What are the attachment points and movements caused by the triceps brachii?
- long head attaches to scapula
- medial and lateral heads attach to humerus
- all attach to ulna at olecranon (pointy part of elbow)
- runs posterior to shoulder and elbow so responsible for extension at these joints
What are the properties/ steps of eccentric actions?
- muscle is active, develops tensions
- tension is less than load
- muscle elongates
- change in joint position
what are the attachment points and movements caused by the Gluteus maximus?
- attaches superiorly to hip bone and sacrum, runs down and across to attach to medial femur
- causes hip extension
What are the names and attachment points of the three other muscles in the quadriceps femoris and their attachment points and movements
- calles vasti muscles
- vasti lateralis attaches to lateral femur
- vasti intermedius attaches to anterior femur and it deep to rectus femoris
- vasti medialis attaches to medial femur
- all 4 attach to patella which connects to tibial tuberosity via ligament
- movement is knee extension
What are the properties of a 1st class lever?
- fulcrum is between load and applied force
- function is to stabilise position of joint
- e.g. nodding head
name the 4 types of muscle roles:
- agonist
- antagonist
- stabiliser
- neutraliser
What two muscles make up the illiopsoas
- iliacus
- psoas major
( they merge together at inferior end)
What are fibres arranged vertically between muscle tendons called?
parallel
What are the attachment points of the biceps femoris
- 2 heads
- one attaches to ischium and other to femur
- both attach to fibula
What are the three types of muscle contraction?
- concentric
- eccentric
- isometric
What are the movements caused by the hamstrings?
extension of hip and flexion of knee
What type of action do agonist muscle produce around a joint
concentric
What do neutraliser muscles do?
- eliminates unwanted movement caused by another muscle
- e.g. pronator muscle eliminate supination caused by biceps brachii
What are the properties of 2nd class levers?
- load between fulcrum and applied force
- function is to overcome heavy loads
- e.g. plantarflexion
What are the properties of isometric action?
- muscle is active, develops tension
- tension does not outweigh load
- no change in muscle length
- no change in joint position
What are the movements caused by, and the attachment places of the biceps brachii?
- attaches to scapula and radial tuberosity
- anterior to shoulder an elbow joints so causes flexion of shoulder and elbow
- connection to radius also causes supination
What two muscles are in the triceps surae
gastrocnemius and soleus
What type of action do antagonist muscles produce around a joint?
eccentric
What are the names of the three heads of the triceps brachii?
- long head
- lateral head
- medial head
What are the benefits and costs of pennate arrangement of muscle fibres?
- more fibres fit into same space( greater CSA)
- reduced shortening
What are the attachment points and movements caused by the gastrocnemius?
- 2 heads which attach to posterior condoyles of femur
- connects to soleus with calcaneus tendon which attaches to calcaneus (heel)
- involves with plantarflexion and knee flexion
What action to muscles with a stabiliser role produce?
Isometric
What is muscle tension proportional to?
cross sectional area (CSA)
what is the name of the main middle muscle of Quadriceps femoris and its superior attachment point therefor movement it is individually responsible for?
- rectus femoris
- Attaches to hip bone and runs anterior to hip joint so helps with hip flexion
What are the properties of 3rd class levers?
- applied force between fulcrum and load
- function is large ROM and speed
- flexion at elbow
What are the attachment points and movements cause by the deltoid
- 3 attachment places- scapula, clavicle and humerus
- main movement (concentric) is shoulder abduction
- also involved with shoulder flexion and extension
What are the attachment points and movements caused by the tibialis anterior?
- attaches to tibial tuberosity and medial foot
- crosses anterior to ankle joint
- involved with doriflexion and inversion
What are fibres arranges oblique to the muscle tendon called?
pennate
