Muscle I- Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are bundles of fascicles called?

A

Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do skeletal muscle do?

A

Apply force to bones to control posture and body movements. Mostly under voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does “T” stand for in T-tubules

A

transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do muscles develop force?

A

Contracting/ shortening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 proteins are involved with excitation of the muscle cell?

A
  • The voltage gated sensor (DHPR)
  • The ryanodine receptor (RyR)
  • The SR Calcium- ATPase (SERCA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of myofilaments?

A

Actin (thin filament)

Myosin (thick filament)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fibres, fascicles, and muscles sheathed in?

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is. the cell membrane of the muscle fibre called?

A

sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the “thick” myofilament?

A

myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

extensive membrane network associated with T-tubules at regular intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a muscle fibre composed of? What is the answer composed of?

A

myofibrils- repeating units called sarcomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are cardiac muscles in the body?

A

Cardiac muscle is only the heart to generate force to pump blood around body. (not under conscious control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the shortened name for the Ryanodine receptor and what does it do?

A
  • RyR

- acts as a passive calcium channel on the SR that can open to allow calcium ions out into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is made of actin and myosin?

A

sarcomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain the processes that allow relaxation of the muscle to occur

A
  • SERCA senses the rise in intracellular calcium
  • It then burns some ATP to produce energy which is then used to pump calcium back into the SR, against concentration gradient
  • the removal of calcium ions from the call stops the signalling event and allows the muscles to relax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the processes involved with the “excitement” section of EC coupling

A
  • Signal coming from nerves is transmitted down T tubules
  • This signal activates the DHPR which interacts with the RyR, causing them to open
  • calcium ions pour out into the cell from SR
  • This calcium diffuses through the cell, activating myofilaments and causing contraction
17
Q

What is the shortened name for the voltage gated sensor and what does it do?

A
  • DHPR

- receives signals from the T tubules and interacts with the ryanodine receptor

18
Q

What are the tube-like extensions of the sarcolemma called?

A

T- tubules

19
Q

What are sarcomeres made of?

A

contractile proteins called myofilaments

20
Q

What is EC-coupling?

A

The pairing of a signalling event ( excitation of muscle cell) with a mechanical event (contraction of the muscle cell)

21
Q

What are T-tubules?

A

tube-like extensions of the sarcolemma

22
Q

What are fascicles?

A

Bundles of muscle fibres

23
Q

Is actin the “thick” or “thin” myofilament?

24
Q

Where are smooth muscles in the body?

A

Mainly line hollow organs ( not under conscious control)

25
What are the 3 main "types" of muscles in the human body?
Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal
26
What is the shortened name for SR calcium- ATPase and what. does it do?
- SERCA | an active calcium pump that uses ATP to move calcium ions back into the SR against its concentration gradient
27
What is the full name of EC-coupling
Excitation contraction coupling
28
What does the SR do and what is the full name
The sarcoplasmic reticulum intakes and stores calcium ions while the muscle is relaxed, and releases it into the cytoplasm when the muscle contracts
29
What are bundles of muscle fibres called?
Fascicles
30
What is the role of the T-tubules?
conduct electrical signals deep into the core of the fibre