Joints I- Bone growth joints

Question 1

What is bony congruence?

Answer 1

Sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation

Question 2

What is the relationship between bony congruence and soft tissue support?

Answer 2

less bony congruence = more soft tissue support + vice versa

Question 3

What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 3

• pubic symphysis

- intervertebral disc

Question 4

Why do ligaments and tendons heal slowly and appear white?

Answer 4

They have limited vascularity

Question 5

What is the process of transforming bone to cartilage called?

Answer 5

Endochondral ossification

Question 6

Where are the secondary ossification centres?

Answer 6

Epiphysis

Question 7

What are the properties of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 7

• allows some movement

- bones are entirely connected by cartilage. (fibrocartilage)

Question 8

Describe Basic endochondral ossification

Answer 8

• minerals appear in center of bone ( calcification)
• blood vessels form around edges of bone
• Osteoblasts becgin to create bone around edges
• blood vessels penetrate and grow inwards
• osteoblasts enter through these and start to lay down bone in centre
• same occurs in epiphysis
• epiphysis and diaphysis fuse during puberty

Question 9

What do tendons connect?

Answer 9

Muscle- bone

Question 10

What is the function of ligaments?

Answer 10

Restrict movement of bones away from each other at a joint

Question 11

What separates the epiphysis and diaphysis during bone growth?

Answer 11

Epiphyseal plate

Question 12

Where are the primary ossification centres?

Answer 12

Diaphysis

Question 13

What is the function of the Hyaline cartilage?

Answer 13

• resist compression

- provide a smooth, frictionless surface for movement

Question 14

What are the two types of cartilage?

Answer 14

Hyaline (articular) and fibrocartilage

Question 15

What does a ligament connect?

Answer 15

bone-bone

Question 16

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

Answer 16

Cranial sutures

Question 17

Where is articular cartilage found?

Answer 17

moulded to surface of bones where they articulate

Question 18

What is the function of a fibrous joint?

Answer 18

Limit movement and provide stability

Question 19

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 19

process or transforming bone to cartilage

Question 20

What are the functions of tendons?

Answer 20

To facilitate and control movement (how contraction of muscles moves bones)

Question 21

What is the orientation of collagen fibre bundles in fibrocartilage?

Answer 21

• orientation aligns with stresses

Question 22

What are the shared functions of ligaments and tendons?

Answer 22

Resist tension

Question 23

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

Answer 23

• Cranial sutures

- distal tibiofibular joint

Question 24

What are tendons and ligaments composed of?

Answer 24

• Dense fibrous connective tissue
• collagen
• elastin
• fibroblasts

Question 25

Does hyaline or articular cartilage have a high water content in the matrix?

Answer 25

Hyaline

Question 26

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Answer 26

• resist compression and tension
• acts as a buffer/ shock absorber
• distributes force over a wider area

Question 27

What is the definition of a joint

Answer 27

Joints are where two bones meet and are held together

Question 28

What are the three main types of joints?

Answer 28

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 29

What is the difference between tissues and structures?

Answer 29

Tissues are organised, grouped-together cells structured for a particular function and a structure is something formed of that tissue