Joints I- Bone growth joints Flashcards
What is bony congruence?
Sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation
What is the relationship between bony congruence and soft tissue support?
less bony congruence = more soft tissue support + vice versa
What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
- pubic symphysis
- intervertebral disc
Why do ligaments and tendons heal slowly and appear white?
They have limited vascularity
What is the process of transforming bone to cartilage called?
Endochondral ossification
Where are the secondary ossification centres?
Epiphysis
What are the properties of a cartilaginous joint?
- allows some movement
- bones are entirely connected by cartilage. (fibrocartilage)
Describe Basic endochondral ossification
- minerals appear in center of bone ( calcification)
- blood vessels form around edges of bone
- Osteoblasts becgin to create bone around edges
- blood vessels penetrate and grow inwards
- osteoblasts enter through these and start to lay down bone in centre
- same occurs in epiphysis
- epiphysis and diaphysis fuse during puberty
What do tendons connect?
Muscle- bone
What is the function of ligaments?
Restrict movement of bones away from each other at a joint
What separates the epiphysis and diaphysis during bone growth?
Epiphyseal plate
Where are the primary ossification centres?
Diaphysis
What is the function of the Hyaline cartilage?
- resist compression
- provide a smooth, frictionless surface for movement
What are the two types of cartilage?
Hyaline (articular) and fibrocartilage
What does a ligament connect?
bone-bone
What is an example of a fibrous joint?
Cranial sutures
Where is articular cartilage found?
moulded to surface of bones where they articulate
What is the function of a fibrous joint?
Limit movement and provide stability
What is endochondral ossification?
process or transforming bone to cartilage
What are the functions of tendons?
To facilitate and control movement (how contraction of muscles moves bones)
What is the orientation of collagen fibre bundles in fibrocartilage?
- orientation aligns with stresses
What are the shared functions of ligaments and tendons?
Resist tension
What is an example of a fibrous joint?
- Cranial sutures
- distal tibiofibular joint
What are tendons and ligaments composed of?
- Dense fibrous connective tissue
- collagen
- elastin
- fibroblasts
Does hyaline or articular cartilage have a high water content in the matrix?
Hyaline
What is the function of fibrocartilage?
- resist compression and tension
- acts as a buffer/ shock absorber
- distributes force over a wider area
What is the definition of a joint
Joints are where two bones meet and are held together
What are the three main types of joints?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- Synovial
What is the difference between tissues and structures?
Tissues are organised, grouped-together cells structured for a particular function and a structure is something formed of that tissue
