Bones I - Structure of the Skeleton Flashcards
What are the 5 main functions of the skeleton?
- Support
- Movement- bones are levers
- Protection- of the major organs
- Storage of minerals
- RBC formation
What class of bone is:
- anything that doesn’t fit another category
- various shapes and functions
Irregular bones
What are the two types of Bone?
Cancellous and compact
How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
What are the characteristics of a short bone?
- almost equal width and length
- mostly cancellous bones
- weight bearing from multiple directions
- e.g carpals and tarsals
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What section of the vertebral column has 12 vertebrae
thoracic
What are the differences between pelvic and pectoral girdle?
Pelvic is stronger and designed for stability and weight bearing and has less mobility. Pectoral has less stability but more mobility and a great range of motion
What is the function of the cranium?
- encloses the brain
- muscle attatchment
What section of the vertebral column is responsible for supporting the head?
Cervical
What is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?
Curve (secondary) develops to support standing bipedally
What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton
- limbs
- pelvis
- clavicle
What class of bone is:
- almost equal width and length
- mostly cancellous bones
- weight bearing from multiple directions
- e.g carpals and tarsals
Short Bone
What are the differences between the male and female pelvis
- female pelvis more circular and spacious
- male pelvis narrower and denser
- pubic arch is wider in females
- male coccyx project inwards and is immovable- female is flexible
What bones are included in the Axial skeleton?
- skull
- vertebral column
- rib cage
- sacrum
- coccyx
What is the fuction of the cervical vertebrae?
- curve develops to support head
What are the characteristics of Cancellous bone?
Light and spongy, shock absorbing, resists and channels forces from multiple directions
What class of bone is:
- function is usually for muscle attatchments
- function is also for protection
- they are thin plates of compact bone (some cancellous inside)
Flat bone
What is the function of the Thoracic vertebrae?
- primary curve provides space for thoracic organs
What are the characteristics of long bones?
- longer than wide
- composed of wider epiphysis + longer, narrower diaphysis
- act as levers
- mostly are limb bones
What section of the vertebral column has a primary curve that provides space for thoracic organs?
Thoracic
Which class of bone is:
- longer than wide
- composed of wider epiphysis + longer, narrower diaphysis
- act as levers
- mostly are limb bones
Long bone
What are the overall main functions of the vertebral column?
- keeps trunk upright
- lots of muscle/ ligament attachments
- Supports head
What are the characteristics of Irregular bones?
- anything that doesn’t fit another category
- various shapes and functions
- e.g. vertebrae and pelvis
What are the characteristics of flat bones?
- function is usually for muscle attatchments
- function is also for protection
- they are thin plates of compact bone (some cancellous inside)
- e.g. scapula and skull
What is the function of the sacral and coccygeal bones?
provides space for pelvic organs
What are the characteristics of compact bone
strong and good at transmitting force in one direction
What is the function of the facial bones?
- Protect and support the sensory organs
What section of the vertebral column has a Curve (secondary) that develops to support standing bipedally
Lumbar
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
What section of the vertebral column has 5 vertebrae?
Lumbar
What section of the vertebral column has 7 vertebrae?
Cervical
What is included in the Pectoral girdle?
Clavicle+ Scapula
