Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

P.E - E.P Yr 1 > Muscle Fibres & Energy Systems > Flashcards

Muscle Fibres & Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle fibres

A

Type 1 - Slow oxidative

Type 2 a - Fast oxidative glycolytic

Type 2b - Fast twitch glycolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Whats genetically determined when talking about skeletal muscles + the 3 fibres?

What does this mean?

A

The proportion of these different fibre types

Means some people are born with a natural ability to be better at some sporting activities than others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of fibres do 800m runners and 400m swimmers tend to have?

A

Type 2 a - fast oxidative glycolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of fibres do elite power athletes like 100m sprinters or weightlifters tend to have?

A

Type 2b - Fast twitch glycolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of muscle fibres to games players tend to have?

A

An even mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What determines what type of fibre a fibre is?

A

Structural + funcitonal characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the structural + functional characteristics (7)

A

Contraction speed

Fatigue resistance

Mitochondrial density

Myoglobin content

Capillary density

Aerobic capacity

Anaerobic capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fatigue resistance for the fibre types

A

Type 1 - V high

Type 2a - Medium

Type 2b - Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mitochondrial density for the fibre types

A

Type 1 - High

Type 2a - Medium

Type 2b - Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myoglobin content for the fibre types

A

Type 1 - High (red)

Type 2a - Medium (red)

Type 2b - Low (red)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Capillary density for the fibre types

A

Type 1 - High

Type 2a - Medium

Type 2b - Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aerobic capacity for the fibre types

A

Type 1 - High

Type 2a - Medium

Type 2b - Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anaerobic capacity for the fibre types

A

Type 1 - Low

Type 2a - Medium

Type 2b - High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Force produced for fibre types

A

Type 1 - Low

Type 2a - high

Type 2b - v high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much can training cause physiological adaptations in muscle fibres?

A

10-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does regular exercise, following the principles of training increase?

A

Size and strength of all fibre types

== hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are type 2a fibres able to do depending on duration and intensity of training?

A

Take on characteristics of either type 1 or type 2b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why does the body need energy? (5)

A

Muscular contractions + movements

Circulation of blood

Transmission of impulses

Digestion of food

Replacing + repairing tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does it mean that ATP is exhausted within a few seconds?

A

Needs to be constantly resynthesised in order to provide a continuous supply of energy

20
Q

What type of compound is ATP

A

High energy

21
Q

What are the 3 energy systems in the body that can be used to provide energy for the resynthesis of ATP?

A

ATP-PC System (Anaerobic)

Lactic acid system (Anaerobic)

Aerobic system

22
Q

What happens in the ATP-PC system

A

Quickest energy supply so works first

System lasts until PC stores have run out (8-10secs)

23
Q

What activities is the ATP-PC system used for

A

High intensity

i.e 100m sprint, smash shot in tennis

24
Q

Equations for the ATP-PC energy system

A

ATP —(ATPase)—- ADP + P + ENERGY

PC —(creatine kinase)—- P + C + ENERGY

ENERGY + ADP + P —– ATP

25
4 advantages to ATP-PC Energy system
Rapid energy release No O2 required No waste product Creatin stored w/in the muscles
26
disadvantages to ATP-PC energy systems
PC stores are limited (8-10secs) Can take up to 3 mins to fully replenish PC stores
27
When is the Lactic acid/glycolytic system used?
When stores of ATP + PC have run out + body still needs to provide energy quickly Intense exercise lasting around 1-3mins
28
Explain the Lactic acid/glycolytic system
Relies upon the breakdown of glycogen through anaerobic glycolysis
29
Advantages to Lactic acid/glycolytic system
Quick Reactions take place w/in sarcoplasm of muscle - less distance to sink Greater energy yield than ATP-PC system as 2 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose broken down
30
Disadvantages to Lactic acid/glycolytic system
Only carbs in the form of glycogen can be used - NOT fat Glycogen stores are limited Lactic acid (by-product) causes fatigue
31
What are the 3 sections the aerobic system are broken down into
Aerobic glycolysis Kreb's cycle Electron transport system
32
Explain aerobic glycolysis
Glucose/Glycogen Glucose Phosphate Fructose Bisphosphate TPx2 Pyruvate x2
33
Where does aerobic glycolysis take place?
In the sarcoplasm inside muscle cell
34
Explain the Kreb's cycle
AcCoA + Oxaloacetate (4C) compound --- Citrate (6C) (Dehydrogenation + Decarboxylation occur) (5C) compound (Dehydrogenation + Decarboxylation occur) (4C) compound (Substrate-level phosphorylation) (4C) compound (Dehydrogenation with FAD) (4C) compound (Dehydrogenation) Oxaloacetate (4C)
35
Where does the Kreb's cycle take place
Within the matrix of the mitochondria
36
Explain the electron transport system
Red. NAD is oxidised at 1st P pump by losing 2H. Then split -- 2e- + 2H+. High energy e- fuel the 1st P pump to pump 2H+ from MATRIX --- IM space. 2 e- then passed to mobile e- carrier in membrane which takes e-'s to 2nd P pump. Energy is used to pump 2 P across membrane into IM Space. Repeat stage 3 at 3rd P pump. 2e-'s then passed to O2 (final e- acceptor) to combine w. 2H+ ---- H20. ==== P Pumps create a P gradient between IM space + matrix. == P diff ⬇️ conc. grad. through ATPsynthase. Energy released is used to ADP+Pi-- ATP
37
Advantages to the aerobic system
19 times more efficient than anaerobic as a total of 38 ATP molecules are produced. CO2 + H2O byproducts are easily removed from body compared to lactic acid. Can use fat OR carbohydrates
38
Disadvantages to the aerobic system
Requires large amounts of O2 Complex chain reactions take longer to initiate
39
What does the predominant energy system used to re-synthesis ATP depend on?
Intensity Duration Fitness level
40
Predominant energy systems used to re-synthesis ATP Explain intensity
More intense = more anaerobic energy be used (PC + muscle glycogen) Low to medium = Aerobic system
41
Predominant energy systems used to re-synthesis ATP Explain duration
High intensity + over 2 mins = PC and muscle glycogen will become depleted + need repaying. Intensity of exercise will drop as aerobic system becomes more dominant
42
Predominant energy systems used to re-synthesis ATP Explain fitness level
Higher level of aerobic fitness = longer time to reach anaerobic threshold. Trained performer will have a higher point of OBLA and lactate threshold.
43
Why is it beneficial to have a higher level of aerobic fitness?
Because as soon as performer works anaerobically there is only a limited supply of energy available.
44
Define threshold
Point at which the predominant energy system can't provide sufficient ATP to maintain the current intensity of exercise.
45
What determines the % of VO2 max a performer can. use?
The OBLA
46
What can an untrained person work at of their VO2 Max w/out fatiguing?
55-60% Endurance training can ⬆️ this to 70-80%
47
Explain the energy continue, during a 1500m race
Use of each energy system is determined by intensity + duration. START = ATP-PC system as there's a high intensity sprint off the line to gain position. - Limited to 10 secs so... Anaerobic glycolysis used for 1st 100-150m. - Limited supply of muscle glycogen + build up of lactic acid means intensity has to drop. Pace settles using aerobic system as you're working at a lower intensity for high duration. Working under anaerobic threshold 60-80% Towards end intensity ⬆️ so more anaerobic systems used. FINAL sprint = PURE ATP-PC

P.E - E.P Yr 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions