Muscle, Bone, Joint, and Fascia Terms (Thoracic Limb)

Question 1

Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Muscle

Answer 1

Ex: attaches forelimb to trunk
In: only attaches within limb

Question 2

Agonist v Antagonist

Answer 2

Agonist: muscle that produces similar action
Antagonist: muscle that produces opposite action

Question 3

Explain fiber arrangement w/ muscle power

Answer 3

Power increases with obliquity of fibers (angled)

Question 4

Shoulder (Scapulohumeral) stabilized by…

Answer 4

Subscapularis M: Subscapular N
Supraspinatus M: Suprascapular N
Infraspinatus M: Suprascapular N

Question 5

Shoulder Joint type

Answer 5

Spherical
Synovial
Loose joint capsule

Question 6

Shoulder Joint Components

Answer 6

Lateral & Medial Glenohumeral ligaments
Transverse humeral retinaculum

Question 7

Muscles that extend the shoulder joint

Answer 7

Brachiocephalicus
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Deep pectoral
Biceps brachii
Supraspinatus

Question 8

Muscles that flex the shoulder joint

Answer 8

Latissimus dorsi
Deep pectoral
Deltoideus
Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps brachii

Question 9

Elbow Joint Features

Answer 9

Medial / Lateral Collateral ligaments

Question 10

Muscles that extend the elbow joint

Answer 10

Tensor fasciae antebrachii
Triceps brachii
Anconeus

Question 11

Muscles that flex the elbow joint

Answer 11

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Supinator
Pronator teres

Question 12

Carpal Joint Features (and levels)

Answer 12

Medial/Lateral Collateral ligaments
3 levels:
Antebrachiocarpal joint
Middle carpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint

Question 13

Muscles that extend the carpal joints

Answer 13

Abductor digiti I longus

Question 14

Muscles that flex the carpal joints

Answer 14

Superficial digital flexor

Question 15

Ball & Socket Joint

Answer 15

2 directional movement, rotation
Ex: hip, shoulder

Question 16

Synovial Joint

Answer 16

Synovial fluid=lubrication, joint capsule, vascular
Increased SA from membrane
Saddle is subtype

Question 17

Gliding / Plane Joint

Answer 17

Glides, rotates bones
Example: wrists, ankles

Question 18

Hinged Joint

Answer 18

One plane movement
Example: knees/elbows

Question 19

Retinacula

Answer 19

Tissue band that connects tendon groups from different muscles

Question 20

Annular ligaments

Answer 20

Strong fiber band encircling head of radius for contact with radial notch
Allows for rotation during pronation/supination

Question 21

Bursa

Answer 21

Synovial sac between two structures for cushioning & reduce friction on tendon

Question 22

Tendon Sheath

Answer 22

layer of synovial membrane around tendon

Question 23

Trochlea

Answer 23

Pulley-like articular mass

Question 24

Condyles

Answer 24

spherical articular mass

Question 25

Fossae

Answer 25

large depression

Question 26

Processes

Answer 26

Bony projection
For muscle attachment or articulation

Question 27

Trochanters

Answer 27

type of tuberosity (rounded swelling)
For muscle attachment

Question 28

Tubercules

Answer 28

Smaller projections
For muscle attachment

Question 29

Long bone components

Answer 29

Medullary / marrow cavity
Epiphyseal line
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis (ossification center)
Physis (ossification center)

Question 30

Compact (cortical/dense) bone

Answer 30

Complex of canals/lamellae

Question 31

Cancellous (spongy) Bone

Answer 31

bone w/ marrow-filled spaces