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Exam 3 Written (Nash) Flashcards

1
Q

Broad Ligament

A

3 mesenteries around female repro combined

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2
Q

3 Mesenteries / parts of broad ligament

A

Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium

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3
Q

What does mesometrium cover?

A

uterine horn
uterine body
cervix
cranial vagina

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4
Q

What does mesosalpinx cover?

A

uterine tube

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5
Q

What does mesovarium cover?

A

ovary

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6
Q

What kind of organ is ovary? (why)

A

Exocrine + Endocrine
produces gamete (exocrine)
produces hormones (endocrine)

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7
Q

Name 3 ligaments of the ovary

A

suspensory ligament
proper ligament
round ligament

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8
Q

What are the 3 segments of the uterine tube?

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

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9
Q

Infundibulum

A

most proximal segment of uterine tube
“catcher’s mitt”
finger-like projections wrap around ovary

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10
Q

What are the finger-like projections of the infundibulum that wrap around ovary?

A

Fimbriae

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11
Q

Ampulla

A

site of fertilization in the uterine tube

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12
Q

Isthmus

A

terminal section of uterine tube
closure to uterus
attaches to uterine horn and forms papilla at uterotubal junction

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13
Q

Round ligament of the uterus

A

association with vaginal process

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14
Q

Name the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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15
Q

What covers the perimetrium?

A

serosa (mesothelium)

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16
Q

Myometrium

A

two layers of uterine wall for contractions and bringing sperm in/out

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17
Q

What orientation are myometrium layers?

A

outer longitudinal smooth muscle
inner circular smooth muscle

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18
Q

Endometrium

A

thick layer of submucosa + mucosa
endocrine function

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19
Q

What endocrine function does the endometrium of the uterine wall provide?

A

glands for nourishment products +
producing prostaglandins

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20
Q

Where are the ovaries located in the abdomen?

A

dorsal part of abdomen
close to caudal poles of kidneys

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21
Q

Which ovary is more cranial than the other?

A

Right kidney

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22
Q

What provides vascular supply to the ovary?

A

Ovarian A branching directly from abdominal aorta

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23
Q

Where does the left ovarian V drain?

A

left renal V

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24
Q

Where does the right ovarian V drain?

A

caudal vena cava

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25
Q

Outer cortex of ovary

A

has follicles with oocytes
+ tunica albuginea

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26
Q

Corpus Hemorrhagicum

A

temporary structure formed from follicle after ovulation
follicle fills with blood

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27
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

maintains pregnancy by producing progesterone
forms after Corpus Hemorrhagicum heals

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28
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

broken down corpus luteum
results from involution of corpus luteum

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29
Q

Dog ovary is (exposed/covered)

A

covered

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30
Q

Dog ovary is (less mobile / more mobile) than cats

A

Less mobile

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31
Q

Cat ovary is (exposed/covered)

A

Exposed

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32
Q

(Cat/Dog) ovary has constricted bursa opening

A

Dog

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33
Q

What is the clinical significance of constricted bursa / covered ovary in dogs?

A

harder to see if entire ovary is removed during ovariectomy compared to ovariohysterectomy

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34
Q

Pseudocervix

A

dorsal fold of cervix into vagina
aka: “cervical tubercle”

35
Q

boundaries of vagina

A

pelvic canal –> urethral tubercle (at vestibulo-vaginal junction)

36
Q

What is the vascular supply to the vagina?

37
Q

Boundaries of the vestibule

A

urethral tubercle –> vulva

38
Q

Perineum

A

internal part of body wall that covers pelvic outlet
surrounds anus & terminal parts of urogenital tract

39
Q

Perineal region

A

externally visible projection of perineum on skin

40
Q

Boundaries of perineal body in male

A

anal canal & bulb of penis

41
Q

Boundaries of perineal body in female

A

anus & vulva

42
Q

What muscle forms the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Coccygeus M

43
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands do dogs have? (+ locations)

A

5 pairs
2 thoracic | 2 abdominal | 1 inguinal

44
Q

How many openings are there per papilla on dog mammary glands?

45
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands are in the cat?

A

4 pairs
NO thoracic mammary glands

46
Q

Polytocous

A

multiple fetuses within litter

47
Q

Describe placentation in dog/cat

A

Individual placenta on each fetus

48
Q

List components of the umbilical cord

A

1 cord per placenta
2 arteries
1 umbilical vein
urachus

49
Q

List 4 methods of pregnancy diagnosis

A

ultrasound
radiographs
abdominal palpation
parturition (seen at birth)

50
Q

Name the perineal pouches from dorsal to ventral (top to bottom)

A
  1. Pararectal fossa
  2. Rectogenital pouch
  3. Vesicogenital pouch
  4. Pubovesical pouch
51
Q

Pleural Sac

A

closed sac of parietal + visceral pleura

52
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

space between pleura with small amount of fluid to create negative pressure to inflate/deflate lungs

53
Q

Pleural Cupula

A

Dome of pleura projects cranially through thoracic inlet

54
Q

What is the significance of the pleural cupula?

A

prone to injury (puncture)

55
Q

Pleural Recess

A

“clefts” between reflected layers of parietal pleura
where two layers connect
allow for lung expansion

56
Q

Endothoracic Fascia

A

connective tissue layer separating pleura from chest wall

57
Q

What is endothoracic fascia continuous with?

A

endoabdominal fascia (in abdomen)

58
Q

Mediastinum

A

thin/transparent connective tissue septum containing all thoracic cavity structures except LUNGS

59
Q

List regions of mediastinum

A

cranial mediastinum
middle mediastinum
ventral mediastinum
dorsal mediastinum
caudal mediastinum

60
Q

What structures are contained in the cranial mediastinum?

A

thymus
lymph nodes
cranial part esophagus

61
Q

What structures are contained in the middle mediastinum?

A

heart
aorta

62
Q

What structures are contained in the ventral mediastinum?

A

connective tissue
lymph nodes
(not much)

63
Q

What structures are contained in the dorsal mediastinum?

A

middle part esophagus
descending aorta

64
Q

What structures are contained in the caudal mediastinum?

A

descending aorta
caudal part esophagus
caudal vena cava
phrenico-pericardial ligament

65
Q

Pyothorax

A

pus accumulates in pleural space

66
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

disruption of continuity of diaphragm
abdominal organs into thoracic cavity

67
Q

Two causes of diaphragmatic hernia

A

congenital (chronic)
traumatic (injury)

68
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air/gas accumulates in pleural space

69
Q

What are the two causes of pneumothorax?

A

traumatic
spontaneous (no trauma)

70
Q

What tissue lines the abdominal cavity? (name & tissue type)

A

Peritoneum
made of simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

71
Q

Endoabdominal fascia

A

connective tissue layer that attaches to peritoneum

72
Q

List Muscles of the Rectus Sheath

A

External Abdominal Oblique M
Internal Abdominal Oblique M
Transversus Abdominis M

73
Q

Linea alba

A

strip of collagenous tissue along midline where aponeuroses of oblique & transversus abdominis Mm meet

74
Q

What ducts empty into the major duodenal papilla of the dog?

A

bile duct + pancreatic duct

75
Q

What ducts empty into the minor duodenal papilla of the dog?

A

accessory pancreatic duct

76
Q

What ducts empty into the major duodenal papilla of the cat?

A

bile duct + pancreatic duct

77
Q

What ducts empty into the minor duodenal papilla of the cat?

A

accessory pancreatic duct IF PRESENT!

78
Q

Where are the paranal sinuses located?

A

ventrolateral to anus
4 & 8 o’clock position

79
Q

List arteries that supply blood to stomach

A

R/L gastric
R/L gastroepiploic
Short gastric

80
Q

List arteries that supply blood to small intestine

A

Cranial/Caudal pancreaticoduodenal
ileocolic
mesenteric/antimesenteric ileal branch
Jejunal Aa
Ileal Aa

81
Q

List arteries that supply blood to the large intestine

A

Left/Middle/Right colic
Ileocolic
Cecal
Caudal mesenteric
Cranial rectal

82
Q

Omental bursa

A

potential space between greater & lesser omenta, stomach, liver

83
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

attaches to lesser curvature of stomach, duodenum, visceral part of liver

84
Q

What 3 liver structures does the lesser omentum contain?

A

Hepatic A
Portal Vein
Bile Duct

Anatomy (11 decks)

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