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anatomy exam 2 > muscle anatomy > Flashcards

muscle anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what takes up 50% of body mass

A

muscles

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2
Q

how much heat do muscles in the body produce

at rest

during exercise

A

20-30%

85%

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3
Q

what is one unexpected function of muscles

A

glucose control

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4
Q

what does rectus mean

A

straight

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5
Q

what does vastus mean

A

open space

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6
Q

what is the very thick facia that separate one muscle compartment from another

A

inter muscular septa

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7
Q

what are sheets of connective tissue below the skin

A

facia

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8
Q

what facia layer surrounds entire muscle spindles/fascicles

A

PERImysium

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9
Q

what facia layer surrounds the entire skeletal muscle

is this thinner or thicker

A

EPImysium

thinner

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10
Q

what is another word for a muscle cell

A

fiber

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11
Q

what is a bundle of muscle fibers called

A

fascicles

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12
Q

what is the facia BETWEEN muscle fibers

A

ENDOmysium

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13
Q

what provides the chemical environment for a muscle cell (holds everything together)

A

endomysium

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14
Q

what skeletal muscles are thick in the middle and taper at the ends

are they strong

A

fusiform

relatively strong

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15
Q

what skeletal muscles are uniform in width and have parallel fascicles to the long axis

are they strong

what’s special about these

A

parallel

no

they are the majority of muscles in the body

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16
Q

what muscles form rings around the body

A

circular/sphincter

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17
Q

what muscles approach a tendon from one side

A

unipenate

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18
Q

what muscles approach a tendon from both sides

A

bipenate

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19
Q

what muscles form feathers the converge to a single point

A

multipenate

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20
Q

muscles _____ on bones

A

pull

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21
Q

what manner of bone pulling has little separation between muscle and bone

A

direct

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22
Q

what are tendons made of (2)

A

collagen fibers

elastin proteins

23
Q

where do collagen fibers run in relation to force within a tendon

A

parallel

24
Q

what is a large, sheet like layer of connective tissue that provides structure and distributes tension across a larger number of muscles

A

aponeurosis

25
Q

what connective tissue covers tendons from a group of muscles and holds them in place

A

retinaculum

26
Q

what type of muscles dont pull on bones, but pull on the skin

A

face muscles

27
Q

what muscle provides the major force to complete a movement

A

the prime moverwh

28
Q

at muscle opposes the action of the prime mover

A

the antagonist

29
Q

why would an antagonist contract

why would an antagonist relax

A

to prevent excessive movement

to give prime move control

30
Q

what muscles prevent the movement of bone while the prime mover acts

A

fixators

31
Q

what muscle aids the prime mover by adding more force or modifying the direction of a movement

A

synergist

32
Q

what is the muscles ability to respond to chemical signals and stretch

A

excitability

33
Q

what is a muscles ability to have local electrical excitation

A

conductivity

34
Q

what is a muscles ability to return to its original length after being stretched

A

elasticity

35
Q

what is the muscles ability to remain stretched after multiple contractions

A

extensibility

36
Q

what forms single muscle fibers by being fused together

how does this relate to muscles being multinucleate

A

myoblast cells

they keep their nuclei

37
Q

what cells allow for muscle regeneration

they are essentially….

A

satellite cells

hibernating myoblasts

38
Q

what results in muscle striations

A

the arrangements of internal contractile proteins

39
Q

what helps conduct impulses to the deepest regions of a muscle fiber

A

T tubules

40
Q

what is the smooth ER that surrounds a myofibril and acts as a Ca resovoir

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

41
Q

what is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

42
Q

what is the contractile organelle in a muscle fiber

A

myofibril

43
Q

what is the I band made of

A

actin

44
Q

what in the M line/ H zone

A

where myosin is held togetherw

45
Q

what is the A band

A

where the filaments overlap

46
Q

what interlocks thick filaments with the z line

A

connectin

47
Q

what protein prevents overstretching and provides muscle recoil

A

connectin

48
Q

a sarcomere goes from ____ to ____

A

z disc - z disc

49
Q

what are the two heads to a myosin

A

atp binding

actin binding

50
Q

what is the protein that calcium binds to that rolls of of the other protein

A

troponin

51
Q

what protein is directly on top of the myosin binding site

A

tropomyosin

52
Q

what protein links actin in outermost filaments to membrane proteins that link to the endomysium

it acts like _____ that bind cells together

A

dystrophin

glue

53
Q

defects in _______ can cause muscular dystrophy

A

dystrophin

54
Q
A

anatomy exam 2 (6 decks)

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