integumentary system Flashcards
what endocrine function does the integumentary system serve
vitimin D production
what integumentary cell type is this:
undifferentiated and turn into keratinocytes
stem cells
where are stem cells found in the integumentary system
deepest layer of the epidermis
what integumentary cell type is this:
vast majority of epidermal cells
keratinocytes
what integumentary cell type is this:
synthesize melanin
melanocytes
what are dendritic cells in the integumentary system
macrophages that gaurd against pathogens
where do macrophages in the integumentary system come from
bone marrow
what is the order of the 5 strata from top to bottom
corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinous
basale
what layer of the strata has up to 30 dead scaly layers
corneum
what layer of the stratum protects against water loss and abrasion
corneum
what later of the stratum is only found in thick skin of the hands and feet
lucidum
what layer of the stratum contains dark staining keratohylin granules
granulosum
how many layers thick is the granulosum
3-5
what layer of the stratum is joined by desmosomes and tight junctions
spinosum
what layer of the stratum contains dendritic cells
spinosum
how many layers is the stratum basale
one
what 3 things does the stratum basale contain (besides keratinocytes)
stem cells
melanocytes
tactile cells
what layer of the stratum are keratinocytes produced via mitosis
basale
how thick is the dermis
.2 - 4 mm
what is the dermis mostly composed of
collagen
what 6 things can be found in the dermis
blood vessels
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
nerve endings
hair follicles
nail roots
what are upward finger like projections of the dermis
dermal papillae
what are downward waves of the epidermis
epidermal ridges
what is the thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papillae
papillary layer
what layer of the dermis allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells
papillary layer
what layer of the dermis is rich in blood vessels
papillary layer
what layer of the dermis is dense irregular connective tissue
reticular
what layer of the dermis do stretch marks occur in
what are they exactly
reticular
tears in collagen fibers
what layer is below the dermis
subcutaneous
what layer is NOT a part of the skin
subcutaneous
what is the subcutaneous layer made of
adipose tissue
what do melanocytes produce melanin from
melanocytes
what amino acid is converted into melanin
tyrosine
what melanin is found primarily in darker people
eumalanin
what melanin is found primality in lighter people
pheomelanin
in what 3 ways are eumalanin different from pheomelanin
breaks down more slowly
found more spread out in keratinocytes (not just the nucleus)
found in all layers of the dermis
where are pheomelanin found (in keratinocytes AND stratum)
in the nucleus
stratum basale
do dark and light people have the same NUMBER of melanocytes
yes
what is blueness due to oxygen deficiency
cyanosis
what is redness due to increased blood flow to the skin
erythema
what is paleness due to decreased blood flow to the skin
pallor
what is yellowing due to bilirubin in the blood
jaundice
what organ contributes to jaundice
liver
what is the medical term for bruising
hemotoma
what is a hematoma
clotted blood under the skin
what part of the hair is a core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces
medulla
what part of the hair is most of the hair and contains pigment granules
cortex
what type of melanin contributes to
red hair and blonde hair:
brown and black hair:
pheomelanin
eumelanin
what layer of the hair is multiple layers of very thin cell that overlap each other and direct upward
cuticle
what are the 3 hair stages in order and how long do they last
anaagen 6-8 years
catagen 2-3 weeks
telogen 1-3 months
what is the resting phase of hair
telogen
what type of hair alerts to sexual maturity and holds in pheromones (2)
pubic and auxiliary
what type of gland releases via exocytosis
eccrine
what type of gland releases via budding off vesicles
apocrine
what type of gland releases via cell division and outward migration
holocrine
what type of sweat is fatty and activated at puberty
apocrine
what type of sweat is watery
eccrine
what type of glands have ducts that lead to hair follicles
apocrine
what type of glands are tubular
eccrine
what type of sweat gland is most numerous
eccrine
what two things do apocine sweat glands respond to
stress and sexual stimulation
what is the medical term for body odor
bromhidrosis
what type of cells are found in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands
myoepithelial cells
what type of cells contract from the sympathetic nervous system and squeeze perspiration up a duct upon stress
myoepithelial cells
who are the only people with mammary glands
pregnant and lactating women
what type of glands are modified apocrine sweat glands
mammary glands
what type of glands have both an apocrine and eccrine excretion style
mammary glands
what excretion style do sebaceous glands have
holocrine
what type of glands are flask shaped and open into hair follicles
sebaceous glands
