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anatomy exam 2 > integumentary system > Flashcards

integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what endocrine function does the integumentary system serve

A

vitimin D production

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2
Q

what integumentary cell type is this:
undifferentiated and turn into keratinocytes

A

stem cells

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3
Q

where are stem cells found in the integumentary system

A

deepest layer of the epidermis

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4
Q

what integumentary cell type is this:
vast majority of epidermal cells

A

keratinocytes

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5
Q

what integumentary cell type is this:
synthesize melanin

A

melanocytes

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6
Q

what are dendritic cells in the integumentary system

A

macrophages that gaurd against pathogens

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7
Q

where do macrophages in the integumentary system come from

A

bone marrow

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8
Q

what is the order of the 5 strata from top to bottom

A

corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinous
basale

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9
Q

what layer of the strata has up to 30 dead scaly layers

A

corneum

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10
Q

what layer of the stratum protects against water loss and abrasion

A

corneum

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11
Q

what later of the stratum is only found in thick skin of the hands and feet

A

lucidum

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12
Q

what layer of the stratum contains dark staining keratohylin granules

A

granulosum

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13
Q

how many layers thick is the granulosum

A

3-5

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14
Q

what layer of the stratum is joined by desmosomes and tight junctions

A

spinosum

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15
Q

what layer of the stratum contains dendritic cells

A

spinosum

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16
Q

how many layers is the stratum basale

A

one

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17
Q

what 3 things does the stratum basale contain (besides keratinocytes)

A

stem cells
melanocytes
tactile cells

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18
Q

what layer of the stratum are keratinocytes produced via mitosis

A

basale

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19
Q

how thick is the dermis

A

.2 - 4 mm

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20
Q

what is the dermis mostly composed of

A

collagen

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21
Q

what 6 things can be found in the dermis

A

blood vessels
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
nerve endings
hair follicles
nail roots

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22
Q

what are upward finger like projections of the dermis

A

dermal papillae

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23
Q

what are downward waves of the epidermis

A

epidermal ridges

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24
Q

what is the thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papillae

A

papillary layer

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25
Q

what layer of the dermis allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells

A

papillary layer

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26
Q

what layer of the dermis is rich in blood vessels

A

papillary layer

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27
Q

what layer of the dermis is dense irregular connective tissue

A

reticular

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28
Q

what layer of the dermis do stretch marks occur in

what are they exactly

A

reticular

tears in collagen fibers

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29
Q

what layer is below the dermis

A

subcutaneous

30
Q

what layer is NOT a part of the skin

A

subcutaneous

31
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer made of

A

adipose tissue

32
Q

what do melanocytes produce melanin from

A

melanocytes

33
Q

what amino acid is converted into melanin

A

tyrosine

34
Q

what melanin is found primarily in darker people

A

eumalanin

35
Q

what melanin is found primality in lighter people

A

pheomelanin

36
Q

in what 3 ways are eumalanin different from pheomelanin

A

breaks down more slowly

found more spread out in keratinocytes (not just the nucleus)

found in all layers of the dermis

37
Q

where are pheomelanin found (in keratinocytes AND stratum)

A

in the nucleus

stratum basale

38
Q

do dark and light people have the same NUMBER of melanocytes

A

yes

39
Q

what is blueness due to oxygen deficiency

A

cyanosis

40
Q

what is redness due to increased blood flow to the skin

A

erythema

41
Q

what is paleness due to decreased blood flow to the skin

A

pallor

42
Q

what is yellowing due to bilirubin in the blood

A

jaundice

43
Q

what organ contributes to jaundice

A

liver

44
Q

what is the medical term for bruising

A

hemotoma

45
Q

what is a hematoma

A

clotted blood under the skin

46
Q

what part of the hair is a core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces

A

medulla

47
Q

what part of the hair is most of the hair and contains pigment granules

A

cortex

48
Q

what type of melanin contributes to
red hair and blonde hair:
brown and black hair:

A

pheomelanin

eumelanin

49
Q

what layer of the hair is multiple layers of very thin cell that overlap each other and direct upward

A

cuticle

50
Q

what are the 3 hair stages in order and how long do they last

A

anaagen 6-8 years
catagen 2-3 weeks
telogen 1-3 months

51
Q

what is the resting phase of hair

A

telogen

52
Q

what type of hair alerts to sexual maturity and holds in pheromones (2)

A

pubic and auxiliary

53
Q

what type of gland releases via exocytosis

A

eccrine

54
Q

what type of gland releases via budding off vesicles

A

apocrine

55
Q

what type of gland releases via cell division and outward migration

A

holocrine

56
Q

what type of sweat is fatty and activated at puberty

A

apocrine

57
Q

what type of sweat is watery

A

eccrine

58
Q

what type of glands have ducts that lead to hair follicles

A

apocrine

59
Q

what type of glands are tubular

A

eccrine

60
Q

what type of sweat gland is most numerous

A

eccrine

61
Q

what two things do apocine sweat glands respond to

A

stress and sexual stimulation

62
Q

what is the medical term for body odor

A

bromhidrosis

63
Q

what type of cells are found in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

A

myoepithelial cells

64
Q

what type of cells contract from the sympathetic nervous system and squeeze perspiration up a duct upon stress

A

myoepithelial cells

65
Q

who are the only people with mammary glands

A

pregnant and lactating women

66
Q

what type of glands are modified apocrine sweat glands

A

mammary glands

67
Q

what type of glands have both an apocrine and eccrine excretion style

A

mammary glands

68
Q

what excretion style do sebaceous glands have

A

holocrine

69
Q

what type of glands are flask shaped and open into hair follicles

A

sebaceous glands

70
Q
A

anatomy exam 2 (6 decks)

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