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Foundation concepts > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What the type of muscles in body?

A

Skeletal 40% and smooth + cardiac 10%

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2
Q

What are the muscle properties?

A 
CEEE
C- Contract
E - Elastic
E - Extend
E- excited
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3
Q

What are the connective tissue component of a muscle?

A
  • Epimysium
  • Endomysium
  • Perimysium
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4
Q

How are muscle fiber made?

A

Myofilament -> Myofibril -> Muscle fiber

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5
Q

Whats an example of muscle fiber?

A

Myocyte

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6
Q

Whats muscle cell membrane called?

A

Sacrollemma

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7
Q

Whats a cytoplasm of muscle called?

A

Sacroplasm

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8
Q

What is a tubule unique to muscle cell?

A

T tubule

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9
Q

What NMJ?

A

Neuromusculer junction= in perimysium

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10
Q

What the meeting point tendon and muscle?

A

myotendinous junction

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11
Q

Whats muscle ER called?

A

sacroplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

How are skeletal muscles formed?

A

mesodermal germ layer –> myoblast –> myotube (myogensis) –> myocyte (differentiation)

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13
Q

What help in regeneration?

A

satellite cell

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14
Q

What are 3 types of skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Slow oxidative, fast glycolytic oxidative & fast glycolytic.

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15
Q

What of 3 types of skeletal muscle fiber has fewest mitochondria?

A

Fast glycolytic

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16
Q

True or false- fast glycolytic oxidative is the only one that undergoes anaerobic metabolism.

A

False- so does fast glycolytic oxidative.

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17
Q

Put skeletal muscle in order of smallest- largest diameter.

A

Slow oxidative, fast glycolytic oxidative & fast glycolytic

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18
Q

Which is most strongest skeletal muscle?

A

fast glycolytic

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19
Q

True or false- slow oxidative have little capillary blood supply.

A

False- it has most blood capillaries

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20
Q

Where is slow oxidative found?

A

back

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21
Q

Where is fast glycolytic oxidative found?

A

legs

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22
Q

Where is fast glycolytic found?

A

limb digits

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23
Q

What are the 2 filaments involved in muscle?

A

Thick + thin

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24
Q

Whats thick filament?

A

myosin

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25
Q

What is the composition of myosin

A

2 heavy (tail) + 4 light (head) + neck hinge

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26
Q

True or false- myosin is in charge of contraction.

A

True

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27
Q

True or false- myosin tail attaches to other myosin.

A

True

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28
Q

Whats in thin filament?

A

Actin, troponin and tropomyosin.

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29
Q

Where is tropomyosin?

A

Around actin.

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30
Q

What do tropomyosin do at rest and at contraction?

A

rest: bind at actin in myosin binding site.
Contraction: move away from myosin binding site.

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31
Q

What are the tropnins?

A

T: tropomyosin- bind tropomyosin to actin
I: inhibitor- inhibit actin + myosin
C: calcium- calcium binds to it allow contraction.

32
Q

How to check myocardial infraction?

A

CKMB (most specific) & cardiac troponin 1 (most specific)

33
Q

What are the cytoskeletal proteins involved in architecture of myofibril?

A

Actinin: bind actin to z disc

titin: bind myosin via string
dystrophin: anchors to cytoskeleton
nebullin: extend actin

34
Q

What does lack of dystrophin do?

A

muscle dystrophy- sacrollema doesnt attach to cytoskeleton

Causes respiratory failure + muscle wasting

35
Q

True or false- skeletal muscle have striations.

A

True

36
Q

Is skeletal muscle a triad or diad?

A

Triad

37
Q

What 3 elements cause contraction?

A

SR + transverse tubular system + calcium

38
Q

Whats structure of triad and diad?

A

triad: 2 SR + 2 terminal cisternae
diad: 1 SR + terminal cisternae

39
Q

True or false- t tubular carries AP

A

True

40
Q

True or false- diad is at AI junction and triad at z junction

A

False- diad at z and triad at AI

41
Q

How is calcium released in ECC?

A
  • AP is carried along NMJ
  • ACh released in synaptic cleft
  • Bind to Na channel- depolarizes sacrolemma
  • conformation change
  • calcium channel activated- depolarize t tubules
  • Calcium binds to troponin c
42
Q

What is stages of contractile cycle?

A
  1. attachment
  2. release
  3. bending
  4. force generation
  5. reattachment
43
Q

Whats attachment in CC?

A

Rigor configuration- actin and myosin bind.

44
Q

Whats release in CC?

A

ATP bind to myosin
Affinity of actin site to myosin changes (lower)
conformation of actin
Myosin releases

45
Q

Whats bending in CC?

A
  • Myosin head advances
  • ATP becomes ADP and attaches to myosin
  • bending
46
Q

Whats force generstion in CC?

A
  • Phosphate changes affinity of actin + myosin
  • affinity increase
  • powerstroke = unbent
  • ADP lost
  • Myosin bind
47
Q

Whats myasthenia gravis?

A

Antibodies see that ACh is foreign- NMJ is messed up.

48
Q

What is symptom of myasthenia gravis?

A

Limb + respiratory + ocular.

49
Q

What is treatment of myasthenia?

A

immunosuppressive drug, ACh inhibitor and thyrectomy

50
Q

what is the cell in the heart?

A

Contractile cell

51
Q

What junctions are there in heart?

A

G intercalated disc/gap junction

52
Q

Is heart triad or diad?

A

diad

53
Q

True or false- calcium in myocardial cell triggers more release from SR

A

True

54
Q

Whats hypertrophic cardiomypathy?

A

Mutation in myosin heavy chain- growth in heart.

  • SCD
  • Prone to arrhythmia
55
Q

True or false- smooth has no stiriation

A

True

56
Q

True or false- skeletal has dense bodies

A

false- smooth

57
Q

True or false- skeletal has dense bodies

A

false- smooth

58
Q

What are the types of smooth muscle?

A

Multiunit= no coupling or electricity or space

Unitary=gap junction + electricity

59
Q

What is an example of multiunit muscle?

A

iris + vas defrens

60
Q

What is an example of unitary muscle?

A

uterer + uterus + bladder

61
Q

True or false- contraction of skeletal + cardiac is the same

A

True both use Ca2+

62
Q

How is contraction different in smooth muscle?

A
  • ECC

- Has calmodium not troponin

63
Q

What 3 factors allow contraction in smooth muscle?

A
  • Depolarization (normal contraction)
  • Hormone
  • Neurotransmitter
64
Q

How does depolarization control smooth muscle contraction?

A

Depolarization –> vgcc open –> ca induced ca release from SR –> calcium rise and bind to CALMODIUM –> myosin light chain kinase reaction (contraction) –> use ATP –> myosin + actin

65
Q

How do hormones control smooth muscle contraction?

A

ligand gated channel –> ca induced ca release from SR –> calcium rise and bind to CALMODIUM –> myosin light chain kinase reaction (contraction) –> use ATP –> myosin + actin

66
Q

How do neurotransmitter control smooth muscle contraction?

A

IP3 –> ca release from SR –> calcium rise and bind to CALMODIUM –> myosin light chain kinase reaction (contraction) –> use ATP –> myosin + actin

67
Q

Whats the difference between myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphate?

A

Kinase: cross bridge
phosphate: no cross bridge

68
Q

True or false- SR in triad is more complex than diad

A

True

69
Q

True or false- cardiac and smooth arent multinucleated

A

True

70
Q

True or false- smooth has T tubules.

A

False- cardiac + skeletal

71
Q

True or false- skeletal has junction

A

false- cardiac- intercalated and smooth- gap

72
Q

True or false-Calcium in skeletal is in terminal cisternae and in cardiac its in extracellular

A

true

73
Q

True or false- Cardiac is the only one that can regenerate

A

False- CANT

74
Q

True or false- smooth muscles undergo mitosis

A

true

75
Q

What is O2 debt?

A

exercise= more blood= more dilation= more oxygen= more energy
At one point its not enough- phosphylcreatine make ATP + lactate
Lactate stop enzyme that control pH
Myoglobin used
O2 then collected later and gets rid of lactate

76
Q

What is O2 debt?

A
  • exercise= more blood= more dilation= more oxygen= more energy
  • At one point its not enough- phosphylcreatine make ATP + lactate
  • Lactate stop enzyme that control pH
  • Myoglobin used
  • O2 then collected later and gets rid of lactate

Foundation concepts (9 decks)

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