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Foundation concepts > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

Water (91.5%) , plasma (wbc) (7%) and other e.g gas (1.5)

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2
Q

What is blood made of?

A

RBC, buffy coat and plasma + more fluid

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3
Q

What % of blood is RBC?

A

45%

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4
Q

What does buffy coat contain?

A

leucocytes- (neutrophil, basophil, eosinphil lymphocyte, platelet and monocyte)

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5
Q

True or false- the shape of RBC is biconcave.

A

True.

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6
Q

True or false- WBC > RBC

A

False

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7
Q

True or false- Everyones RBC lives up to 120 days.

A

False- sickle cell is less etc. All healthy people have 120 days not all.

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8
Q

What process makes RBC?

A

Erythropoiesis - in bone marrow

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9
Q

Where does RBC die?

A

Spleen & liver

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10
Q

True or false- RBC cant make ATP

A

False

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11
Q

In blood test- do you test vein or artery?

A

Vein

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12
Q

True or false- RBC only carries oxygen

A

False

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13
Q

What types of leucocytes are there?

A

Granular and Agranular

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14
Q

What granular leucocytes are there?

A

Think granular= phil
Basophil (nucleus- no lube) - basic!
eosinophil (2 lubes) eu means true - true=2
neutrophil (3+ lubes) naturally it has more

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15
Q

True or false- neutrophil is the most in WBC.

A

True!

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16
Q

What agranular leucocytes are there?

A

lymphocyte and monocyte

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17
Q

Which agranular leucocyte has kidney shape in it?

A

monocyte

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18
Q

How do you know there is more bacteria in the body?

A

There will be more neutrophil than normal

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19
Q

How do you know there is more virus in the body?

A

There will be more lymphocyte than normal

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20
Q

What are the shape of platelets?

A

Disc shaped

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21
Q

True or false- platelets live for 120 days

A

False- about 10

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22
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A
  • Carry blood cell , metabolic waste & hormone

- maintain body temperature and pH balance of blood

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23
Q

True or false- plasma has enzymes

A

True

24
Q

What are 5 functions of the blood?

A
  • Transport nutrient
  • Regulate pH
  • restrict fluid loss during injury
  • defense against pathogen + toxins
  • regulate body temperature
25
Q

Whats hematopoiesis and what is needed for it?

A

Production of blood via hematopoietic stem cells

26
Q

Where do you find hematopoietic stem cells?

A

osteoblasts

27
Q

True or false- there are many hematopoietic stem cells

A

False- very little

28
Q

How to check for hematopoietic stem cells?

A

CD34+ and CD38-

29
Q

What process do hematopoietic stem cells undergo?

A

proliferation

30
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in fetus?

A

0-2 month: yolk
2-7 month: liver
5-9 month: bone marrow

31
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in infant?

A

bone marrow

32
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in adult?

A

Rib, sternum, skull, vertebrae…..

33
Q

True or false- in fetus hematopoiesis occurs in medullary place.

A

True!
Medullary: bone marrow
Extra medullary: out of bone marrow

34
Q

What is the components of bone marrow?

A

Reticulum cell + fat cell + osteoclast + osteoblast + sinusoid (what has a MBB- marrow blood barrier which controls RBC)

35
Q

Whats hemostasis?

A

Hemorrhage is asserted.

Has procoagulant + anticoagulant factors + fibrolysis (clot prevent itself)

36
Q

What does coagulant mean?

A

blood formation

37
Q

Whats needed for hemostasis?

A

Blood vessel, platelets, coagulation factors/inhibitors and fibronolysis

38
Q

True or false- after collagen is exposed- vasodilation takes place.

A

False- vasoconstriction

39
Q

What is platelets role in hemostasis?

A 
1- platelet adhesion (via protein von wille band factor)
2- Platelet activate
3- secreted from megakaryocyte
4- platelet aggregate 
5- PRIMARY hemostatic plug
40
Q

What are the three phases in hemostasis?

A
  • platelets
  • vasoconstriction
  • blood coagulation cascade
41
Q

Clotting factor is found in ___________

A

blood coagulation cascade

42
Q

Where is endothelial cell?

A

It between blood and connective tissue and acts as a barrier

43
Q

Whats the role of the endothelial in hemostasis? (hint: 4)

A
  • Start coagulation
  • Cause vasodilation
  • stop platelet
  • activate fibrinolysis
44
Q

How is blood coagulation inhibited?

A

Receptors- protein c bind and prepares:

  • antithrombin
  • tissue factor pathway inhibitor
  • protein s
45
Q

Endothelial cell release ________ to initiate coagulation

A

tissue factor

46
Q

Endothelial cell release ________ to initiate vasodilation

A

prostacyclin

47
Q

True or false- Platelet have ATP

A

False- ADP + mitochondria

48
Q

How are platelets formed?

A

Stem cell –> megakaryoblast –> megakaryocyte –> fragmentation = platelets

49
Q

What is TPO?

A

Protein- thrombopoieton (stimulate protein production)

50
Q

How is TPO level controlled?

A

Liver

51
Q

Where can TPO bind?

A

Surface of megakaryocyte + platelet

52
Q

True or false- if there is < platelet + megakaryocyte then TPL will decrease

A

False- if there is < platelet + megakaryocyte then TPL will INCREASE

53
Q

Why should we test hemostasis function?

A

Abnormal bleeding means:

  • vascular disorder
  • platelet disorder
  • Defective blood coagulation
54
Q

True or false- The only way test whether hemostasis functions properly is via blood count

A

False- screening tests can check cascade factors

55
Q

What are the three blood cascade factor pathway?

A

intrinsic, extrinsic, common pathway

56
Q

True or false- Checking platelet function + adhesion is another special test

A

True

Foundation concepts (9 decks)

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