Blood Flashcards
What does plasma contain?
Water (91.5%) , plasma (wbc) (7%) and other e.g gas (1.5)
What is blood made of?
RBC, buffy coat and plasma + more fluid
What % of blood is RBC?
45%
What does buffy coat contain?
leucocytes- (neutrophil, basophil, eosinphil lymphocyte, platelet and monocyte)
True or false- the shape of RBC is biconcave.
True.
True or false- WBC > RBC
False
True or false- Everyones RBC lives up to 120 days.
False- sickle cell is less etc. All healthy people have 120 days not all.
What process makes RBC?
Erythropoiesis - in bone marrow
Where does RBC die?
Spleen & liver
True or false- RBC cant make ATP
False
In blood test- do you test vein or artery?
Vein
True or false- RBC only carries oxygen
False
What types of leucocytes are there?
Granular and Agranular
What granular leucocytes are there?
Think granular= phil
Basophil (nucleus- no lube) - basic!
eosinophil (2 lubes) eu means true - true=2
neutrophil (3+ lubes) naturally it has more
True or false- neutrophil is the most in WBC.
True!
What agranular leucocytes are there?
lymphocyte and monocyte
Which agranular leucocyte has kidney shape in it?
monocyte
How do you know there is more bacteria in the body?
There will be more neutrophil than normal
How do you know there is more virus in the body?
There will be more lymphocyte than normal
What are the shape of platelets?
Disc shaped
True or false- platelets live for 120 days
False- about 10
What is the function of plasma?
- Carry blood cell , metabolic waste & hormone
- maintain body temperature and pH balance of blood
True or false- plasma has enzymes
True
What are 5 functions of the blood?
- Transport nutrient
- Regulate pH
- restrict fluid loss during injury
- defense against pathogen + toxins
- regulate body temperature
Whats hematopoiesis and what is needed for it?
Production of blood via hematopoietic stem cells
Where do you find hematopoietic stem cells?
osteoblasts
True or false- there are many hematopoietic stem cells
False- very little
How to check for hematopoietic stem cells?
CD34+ and CD38-
What process do hematopoietic stem cells undergo?
proliferation
Where does hematopoiesis occur in fetus?
0-2 month: yolk
2-7 month: liver
5-9 month: bone marrow
Where does hematopoiesis occur in infant?
bone marrow
Where does hematopoiesis occur in adult?
Rib, sternum, skull, vertebrae…..
True or false- in fetus hematopoiesis occurs in medullary place.
True!
Medullary: bone marrow
Extra medullary: out of bone marrow
What is the components of bone marrow?
Reticulum cell + fat cell + osteoclast + osteoblast + sinusoid (what has a MBB- marrow blood barrier which controls RBC)
Whats hemostasis?
Hemorrhage is asserted.
Has procoagulant + anticoagulant factors + fibrolysis (clot prevent itself)
What does coagulant mean?
blood formation
Whats needed for hemostasis?
Blood vessel, platelets, coagulation factors/inhibitors and fibronolysis
True or false- after collagen is exposed- vasodilation takes place.
False- vasoconstriction
What is platelets role in hemostasis?
1- platelet adhesion (via protein von wille band factor) 2- Platelet activate 3- secreted from megakaryocyte 4- platelet aggregate 5- PRIMARY hemostatic plug
What are the three phases in hemostasis?
- platelets
- vasoconstriction
- blood coagulation cascade
Clotting factor is found in ___________
blood coagulation cascade
Where is endothelial cell?
It between blood and connective tissue and acts as a barrier
Whats the role of the endothelial in hemostasis? (hint: 4)
- Start coagulation
- Cause vasodilation
- stop platelet
- activate fibrinolysis
How is blood coagulation inhibited?
Receptors- protein c bind and prepares:
- antithrombin
- tissue factor pathway inhibitor
- protein s
Endothelial cell release ________ to initiate coagulation
tissue factor
Endothelial cell release ________ to initiate vasodilation
prostacyclin
True or false- Platelet have ATP
False- ADP + mitochondria
How are platelets formed?
Stem cell –> megakaryoblast –> megakaryocyte –> fragmentation = platelets
What is TPO?
Protein- thrombopoieton (stimulate protein production)
How is TPO level controlled?
Liver
Where can TPO bind?
Surface of megakaryocyte + platelet
True or false- if there is < platelet + megakaryocyte then TPL will decrease
False- if there is < platelet + megakaryocyte then TPL will INCREASE
Why should we test hemostasis function?
Abnormal bleeding means:
- vascular disorder
- platelet disorder
- Defective blood coagulation
True or false- The only way test whether hemostasis functions properly is via blood count
False- screening tests can check cascade factors
What are the three blood cascade factor pathway?
intrinsic, extrinsic, common pathway
True or false- Checking platelet function + adhesion is another special test
True
