Muscle

Question 1

Order from outermost to innermost layers of muscle

Answer 1

1. Epimysium (blends into tendons/CT sheets. deep and superfical fascia)
2. Perimysium - surrounds fascicle
3. Endomysium - thin layer of areolar CT surrounding each muscle cell = muscle fiber
4. Periosteum

Question 2

2 types of muscle attachments

Answer 2

1. Tendons - sharpys fibers

2. Aponeuroses - attaches to collagen fibers of dermis

Question 3

What is the general name for the muscle that is the prime mover/produces the most force?

Answer 3

Agonist

Question 4

What is the general name for the muscle that aids the agonist, stabilizes the joint, and modifies the direction of movement?

Answer 4

Synergist

Question 5

What is the name for the muscle that opposes the primer mover? It helps prevent injury from excessive movement

Answer 5

Antagonist

Question 6

What is the name for the muscle that prevents movements of bone that the primer mover is attached to?

Answer 6

Fixator

Question 7

Plasma membrane of muscle cells

Answer 7

Sarcolemma

Question 8

What are 3 main components of the scarcoplasm?

Answer 8

1. Myofibrils (actin/myosin)
2. Glycogen
3. Myoglobin

Question 9

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store?

Answer 9

Ca++

Question 10

How does the brain communicate with single units and multi unit smooth muscle?

Answer 10

Single unit - gap junctions -muscular tunica of GI, uterus, arterioles
Multi unit - lacks gap junctions - autonomically innervated - ciliary muscle, smooth muscle of the iris, ductus deferens, and arteries

Question 11

How does the nuceli differ between the 3 muscle types?

Answer 11

1. Cardiac - single or binucleated - large/oval centrally placed
2. Skeletal - multinucleated - long/cylindrical peripherally located
3. Smooth - uninucleate - elongated/spindle shaped fusiform cells - found in the widest part of each fiber

Question 12

What muscle type has a well developed sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Skeletal

Question 13

What is the triad?

Answer 13

In skeletal muscle - SR(Ttubule)SR -terminal cisternae of the SR specifically

Question 14

What is the characteristic feature of cardiac muscle? and how does this help in communication?

Answer 14

Intercalated disc - desmosomes attach & gap junctions allow electrical impulses to spread from cell to cell but can contract spontaneously with out stimulation

Question 15

Cardiac muscle can respond to increased demand by increasing it’s fiber size, this is known as?

Answer 15

Compensatory hypertrophy