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NBDE PART I > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of CT joints

A
  1. Bony
  2. Fibrous
  3. Cartilaginous
  4. Synovial - most freely moveable
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2
Q

3 types of fibrous joints and examples

A
  1. Sutures -serrate (coronal suture), lap or squamous (squamousal suture) , plane or butt (L/R palatine processes of maxilla)
  2. Gomphoses - tooth to socket
  3. Syndesmoses - 2 bones bound my ligament like radius to ulna, interosseus membrane composed of tough fibrous CT
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3
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints and examples

A
  1. Synchondroses - hyaline cartilage - ribs to sternum by costal cartilage, epiphyseal plates of long bones
  2. Symphyses - fibrocartilage - pubic symphysis/intervertebral discs (slight movement, absorbs shock)
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4
Q

In the TMJ, what is the articular disc made of?

A

Dense fibrous CT

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5
Q

In the TMJ, what is the surface covering of the joint made of?

A

Fibrous tissue (NOT FIBROCARTILAGE)

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6
Q

Difference between tendon sheaths and bursae?

A

Tendon sheaths - tubes of synovial membrane that wraps tendons
Bursae AKA articular capsule- sac like extension of a joint capsule, allows to slide easily, extends between or around nearby tendons - REDUCE FRICTION

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7
Q

3 main classes of joints by motion and examples

A
  1. Synarthroses - immovable - cranial sutures
  2. Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable - symphysis pubis or vertebrae (can be connected by discs of fibrocartilage)
  3. Diarthrosis - fully movable - shoulder
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8
Q

What makes up synovial fluid?

A

albumin, and hyaluronic acid - secreted by synovial membrane

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9
Q

What type of joint is the radial-ulna joint?

A

ellipsoidal

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10
Q

What type of joint is the metacarpal bone?

A

saddle

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11
Q

What type of joint is the atlas axis joint?

A

Pivot

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12
Q

What type of joint is the elbow or knee?

A

Hinge

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13
Q

What type of joint is the carpal bones>

A

Gliding

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14
Q

Articular cartilage (MENISCUS) is made up of hyaline cartilage except in 2 locations, what are they and what cartilage is it made up of?

A

TMJ and knee - fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Anterior cavity - Gliding (articular eminence)

Inferior cavity - Hinge (condyle)

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16
Q

The spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the midline of the cranial base of a newborn consists of what?

A

Synchondroses - Hyaline cartilage

17
Q

What are 5 distinguishing features of synovial joints?

A
  1. Articular cartilage - hyaline or fibrocartilage - no innervation
  2. Synovial cavity
  3. Articular capsule - double layered - outer layer fibrous CT, inner layer thin vascular synovial membrane
  4. Synovial fluid - provides nutrition
  5. Supporting ligaments
18
Q

What joint component envelops the proximal humerus and facilitates gliding of the proximal humerus under the coracoacromial arch? Its a large synovial membrane which is adherent to the undersuface of the coracoacromial ligament, acromion and deltoid laterally and the floor is adherent to the rotator cuff and greater tuberosity

A

Subacromial bursa

19
Q

Which joint allows you to shake your head yes?

A

Altanto-occipital joint - synovial articulation between the superior articulating facets of the atlas and the occipital condyles of the skull

20
Q

Which joint allows you to shake your head no?

A

Atlanto-axial joint ( max rotation around vertical axis)
Synovial articulation between inferior & articulating facets of the atlas and the superior articulating facets of the axis

21
Q

CNS nervous tissue is derived from where compared to PNS nervous tissue?

A

CNS - neural tube ectoderm

PNS - Neural crest ectoderm

22
Q

4 parts of neurons that conduct electrical impulses

A
  1. Perikaryon (cell body) - contain Nissl bodies
  2. Axon - away from cell body - only 1 per cell body
  3. Dendrites - towards the cell body - variable number
  4. Cytoskeleton
23
Q

What are 2 types of cells found in the PNS?

A
  1. Schwann cells - myelination

2. Satellite cells - support/surround nerve ganglia

24
Q

What are 5 types of cells found in the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes - scaffolding of BBB
  2. Oligodendrocytes - myelination
  3. Microglia - phagosytosis
  4. Ependymal cells - epi of ventricles, brain, spinal cord
  5. Choroidal cells - secrete CSF
25
Q

______: layer of myelin cell cytoplasm that is contiguous with the myelin sheath

A

Neurilemma (sheath of Schwann)

26
Q

T/F nodes of ranvier are myelinated

A

False - unmyelinated

NBDE PART I (10 decks)

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