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Anatomy > muscle > Flashcards

muscle Flashcards

1
Q

excitability

A

responsiveness to stimuli

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2
Q

contractilitt

A

stimulation of muscle, tension

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3
Q

elasticity

A

muscle recoils to resting length

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4
Q

extensibility

A

extend in length

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5
Q

skm tissue

A

striated, elongated with perioherally located nuclei

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6
Q

fxns of skm tissue

A

movement, posture, temp, storage and movement of materials, support

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7
Q

epimysium

A

made of dense irregular ct
covers muscle

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8
Q

perimysium

A

made of dense irregular ct
covers fascicle

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9
Q

endomysium

A

made of areolar ct
covers muscle fiber

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10
Q

sarcolemma

A

covers myofibril

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11
Q

neurovascular bundle

A

artery, vein, nerve

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12
Q

tendon

A

ct layers merge into a thick cord to attach muscles to bone

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13
Q

deep fascia

A

ensheathes wrapped muscle, separates individual muscles, binds them together into functional groups, fills spaces bw muscles

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14
Q

thick filaments are made of…

A

myosin

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15
Q

thin filaments are made of…

A

actin

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16
Q

aponeurosis

A

tendon in the form of a thin flattened sheet
shock absorption, distribute and support weight

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17
Q

blood vessels and nerves extend through…

A

epimysium and perimysium

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18
Q

fxn of blood vessels

A

deliver nutrients and remove waste

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19
Q

vessels and nerves are controlled by…

A

somatic NS (voluntary)

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20
Q

motor neurons

A

neurons that stimulate muscle contractions via axon

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21
Q

neuromuscular jxn

A

jxn between axon and muscle fiber

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22
Q

skm cells are multinucleate due to …

A

myoblasts fusing during embryonic development

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23
Q

some myoblasts dont fuse, and remain in adult skm as …

A

satellite cells

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24
Q

satellite cells

A

can be initiated to differentiate to assist in repair/regeneration of injured skm

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25
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum stores…

A

calcium

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26
Q

calcium initiates…

A

contraction

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27
Q

transverse tubules

A

deep invagination of sarcolemma that extend into sarcoplasm, form narrow network of membranous tubules, help move muscle impulse

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28
Q

triad

A

communication link consisting of 2 terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule

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29
Q

regulatory proteins

A

tropomyosin and troponin

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30
Q

tropomyosin

A

covers myosin binding site on actin

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31
Q

troponin

A

attaches actin to tropomyosin, has a binding site for calcium

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32
Q

nebulin

A

actin-binding protein, responsible for thin filament length during sarcomere assembly, determines length of thin filaments

33
Q

striations in skm tissue due to

A

variations in thickness of thick and thin filaments

34
Q

sarcomere

A

functional contractile unit of skm fiber, between z lines

35
Q

A band

A

entire thick filament, some thin

36
Q

I band

A

thin filament only

37
Q

H zone

A

central region of A band, only thick filament

38
Q

M line

A

thin filament
attachment site for thick filament, keeps alignment during contraction

39
Q

Z line

A

thin filament
attachment site for thin filament

40
Q

sliding filament theory

A

as muscle contracts, thin filaments slide past thick filaments, and sarcomere shortens

41
Q

during contraction:

A

A band remains constant
H zone disappears
I band narrows
Z lines move closer

42
Q

muscle contraction begins eith

A

nerve impulse stimulating muscle fiber at neuromuscular jxn

43
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter that initiates changes in motor end plate, start contraction

44
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A

enzyme that breaks down ACh to stop contraction

45
Q

muscle contraction steps

A
  1. nerve impulse to NMJ
  2. ACh binds
  3. calcium released
  4. ca binds to troponin to reveal binding site
  5. myosin binds to actin, shortening sarcomere
  6. ca goes to SR and tropomyosin covers binding site, relaxing muscle
46
Q

excitation-contraction coupling

A

stimulation of a muscle fiber by a nerve impulse results in a series of events that leads to muscle contraction

47
Q

motor unit

A

several muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron

48
Q

smaller motor units are involved in…

A

finer movements

49
Q

isometric contraction

A

activated but not shortened, just tension, no movement

50
Q

isotonic contraction

A

muscle activated, shortens/lengthens, moves load

51
Q

concentric isotonic

A

shortening

52
Q

eccentric isotonic

A

lengthening

53
Q

slow oxidative fibers

A

slow, prolonged contractions, red muscle, darkest fiber color

54
Q

fast oxidative fibers

A

intermediate, medium darkness

55
Q

fast glycolytic fibers

A

fast, rapid intense movements, white muscle, lightest fiber

56
Q

all muscle fibers associated with a particular motor unit

A

same type of fiber

57
Q

circular organization

A

concentric, close passageway or opening

58
Q

parallel organization

A

fascicles parallel to long axis of muscle, not very strong, high endurance
ex: abs

59
Q

convergent organization

A

triangular muscle with common attachment site, can change direction of pull
ex: pecs

60
Q

pennate organization

A

one or more tendons, greatest force

61
Q

skm contraction is

A

voluntary

62
Q

joints are … bones are … muscle contraction is … and whatever you are trying to move is …

A

fulcrums, levers, effort, load

63
Q

first class lever

A

resistance and applied force on opposite sides of fulcrum
ex: nodding head

64
Q

second class lever

A

resistance between fulcrum and applied force
balance larger weight but slower and shorter distance
ex: calf raises

65
Q

third class lever

A

applied force between fulcrum and resistance
greater speed and distance but less force
ex: bicep curl

66
Q

actions

A

prime movers/agonists, antagonists, synergists

67
Q

prime movers/agonists

A

muscles provide major force

68
Q

antagonists

A

oppose or reverse particular movement

69
Q

synergists

A

aid agonists

70
Q

cardiac muscle arrangement

A

thick bundles of cells, striated, shorter, 1-2 nuclei, many mitochondria

71
Q

why does cardiac muscle have more mitochondria

A

aerobic respiration

72
Q

shape of cardiac muscle

A

Y-shaped branches, join muscle fibers via intercalated discs

73
Q

autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells

A

make the muscle involuntary

74
Q

intercalated discs have…

A

desmosomes and gap jxns

75
Q

smooth muscle organization

A

short, uninucleate, nonstriated, thin filaments attached to dense bodies, few SR, no t tubules or z discs

76
Q

smooth muscle contains … for communication

A

gap jxns

77
Q

smooth muscle is

A

involuntary, modulated by nervous system, autorhythmic cells

78
Q

smooth muscle contraction

A

slow, sustained

Anatomy (5 decks)

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