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Anatomy > articulations > Flashcards

articulations Flashcards

1
Q

mobility vs stability

A

more mobility means less stability

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2
Q

arthrology

A

study of joints

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3
Q

joints from most mobile to most stable

A

glenohumeral (shoulder)
hip
elbow
intervertebral
suture

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4
Q

joints are classified by

A

structure (material binding the bones) and function (range of motion)

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5
Q

functional classifications of joints

A

synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic

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6
Q

synarthrotic

A

immovable
ex: suture

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7
Q

amphiarthrotic

A

slightly movable
ex: intervertebral

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8
Q

diarthrotic

A

freely movable
ex: shoulder, limbs

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9
Q

ehlers-danlos syndrome

A

group of inherited disorders that affect CT, primarily skin, joints, and blood vessels
overly flexible joint, hypermobile, stretchy fragile skin

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10
Q

structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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11
Q

fibrous joints

A

joined by fibrous tissue (CT)
most are synarthrotic, some amphi

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12
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

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13
Q

synostoses

A

fibrous tissue ossifies
ex: skull bones fuse

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14
Q

syndesmoses

A

bones connected by ligament, cord, or band of fibrous tissue
amphiarthrotic
have interosseous ligament

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15
Q

interosseous ligament

A

articulating bones held side by side by a ligamentous sheet, provides pivot point for bones to rotate against each other

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16
Q

gomphoses

A

peg in socket joint
ex: tooth in bony alveolar socket

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17
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity

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18
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, symphyses

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19
Q

synchondroses

A

bar or plate of hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

symphyses

A

articular cartilage fused to a pad or plate of fibrocartilage, designed for strength and flexibility
amphiarthrotic
shock absorption, resist compression and tension

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21
Q

synovial joints

A

separated by fluid containing cavity
most abundant
widest ROM (diarthrotic)

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22
Q

parts of synovial joint

A

articular capsule, synovial cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, reinforcing ligaments

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23
Q

articular capsule

A

richly innervated, maintain joint position, maintain muscle tone
1. fibrous layer on outside, made of dense irregular CT
2. synovial membrane on inside, where synovial fluid originates

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24
Q

synovial cavity

A

contains synovial fluid, separates bones

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25
Q

synovial fluid

A

blood filtrate, “weeping lubrication”

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26
Q

weeping lubrication

A

articular cartilage takes up synovial fluid and releases it when compresses, maintains lubrication

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27
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that lacks perichondrium,
cushions

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28
Q

reinforcing ligaments

A

strengthens and reinforces joint
intrinsic- within joint
extrinsic- outside joint/articular cartilage

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29
Q

bursae

A

flattened fibrous sacs with synovial membrane and thin layer of synovial fluid
reduces friction

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30
Q

tendon sheath

A

elongated bursa that wrap around tendon to reduce friction

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31
Q

fat pads

A

adipose tissue distributed along periphery of synovial joint, protects and fills in open space

32
Q

tendons

A

dense regular CT that attaches muscle to bone

33
Q

skeletal muscle attachment points

A

origin and insertion

34
Q

origin

A

muscle attached to immovable bone

35
Q

insertion

A

muscle attached to movable bone

36
Q

movement occurs when … moves toward …

A

insertion, origin

37
Q

ROM of muscles

A

uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial

38
Q

uniaxial movement

A

movement in one plane

39
Q

biaxial movement

A

movement in 2 planes

40
Q

multiaxial movement

A

movement in multiple planes

41
Q

types of synovial joints (6)

A

hinge, planar/gliding, saddle, condylar, ball and socket, pivot

42
Q

hinge joint

A

uniaxial
ex: elbow

43
Q

planar/gliding joint

A

uniaxial
simplest, least movable
ex: carpals

44
Q

saddle joint

A

biaxial
ex: thumb carpometacarpal

45
Q

condylar joint

A

biaxial
ex: metacarpal (knuckle)

46
Q

pivot joint

A

uniaxial
rotation of one bone along longitudinal axis
ex: axis vertebra

47
Q

ball and socket joint

A

multiaxial
ex: hip

48
Q

gliding movement

A

simplest, bone gliding over another surface

49
Q

angular movements

A

changes angle between bones
flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction

50
Q

flexion

A

decrease angle
ex: bicep curl up

51
Q

extension

A

increase angle
ex: bicep curl down

52
Q

hyperextension

A

beyond 180°
ex: extend hand up, bend knee backwards

53
Q

lateral flexion

A

trunk moves distal laterally in coronal plane

54
Q

abduction

A

move limb medially (away from midline)

55
Q

adduction

A

move limb toward midline

56
Q

circumduction

A

like a cone, point is stationary white the distal end moves in a circle

57
Q

rotational movements

A

rotation, supination, pronation

58
Q

rotation

A

turning along longitudinal axis, toward or away from midline

59
Q

supination

A

radius and ulna are parallel

60
Q

pronation

A

radius and ulna crossed

61
Q

elevation/depression

A

up and down

62
Q

inversion/eversion

A

sole of foot moves medially (inversion) or laterally (eversion)

63
Q

dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

A

foot moves up at the ankle (dorsiflexion) or down at the ankle (plantar flexion)

64
Q

protraction/retraction

A

moves anteriorly (protraction) or posteriorly (retraction)

65
Q

opposition/reposition

A

touching fingers to thumb (opposition) or taking them away (reposition)

66
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

small complex, only movable articulation between skull bones
hinge, pivot, and gliding
articular capsule promotes an extensive rom
articular disc separates synovial cavity into 2
structurally bicondylar but classified as a modified hinge

67
Q

3 ligaments of TMJ

A

temporomandibular/lateral ligament, stylomandibular ligament, sphenomandibular ligament

68
Q

knee joint

A

largest most complex diarthrosis
bursae: suprapatellar bursa, prepatellar bursa, infrapatellar bursa
“joints”: knee, tibiofemoral, patellofemoral

69
Q

sprain

A

stretched or torn ligament

70
Q

cartilage injury

A

tearing knee menisci, growth plate fissure, overuse damage to articular cartilage,
slow or no repair

71
Q

luxation

A

bones forced out of alignment

72
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa due to excessive stress, a blow or friction

73
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon sheath

74
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joint disease that involves deterioration if cartilage at ends of bones, articular surface becomes rough and pieces break off into synovial cavity
weakening, deforming or joint, stiffness and pain

75
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

women 3x men, 40-50, chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease
tenderness snd stiffness due to inflammation if synovial membrane
pannus forms (thickened synovial membrane, scar tissue)

76
Q

RA vs OA

A

rheumatoid due to inflammation in lining of joint, osteo is a wear process, cartilage wears down

Anatomy (5 decks)

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