Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 2 > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

0
Q

Morphology and Function of skeletal muscle

A

Striated and voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

3 Types of muscle

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Morphology and function of cardiac muscle

A

Striated and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Morphology and function of smooth muscle

A

Non-striated and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sarcoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

The cell boundary of a muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the structure of skeletal muscle on macroscopic level

A

Sarcolemma surrounds a myofibril. Myofibrils are separated from one another by the endomysium. Perimysium contains bundles of myofibrils. Epimysium covers the whole of the muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In order: Epimysium, Endomysium, Perimysium from unit to whole muscle

A

Endomysium to perimysium to epimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the morphology of skeletal muscle

A

Long (up to 0.3 m), cylindrical multinucleate cells surrounded by external lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are satellite cells in skeletal muscle?

A

Residual myoblasts still located in mature muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe skeletal response to damage

A

Typically dies. Macrophages clean up and satellite cells proliferate and replace the fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do skeletal muscle fibers form?

A

Fusion of myoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are nuclei of skeletal muscle cells typically found?

A

Periphery of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe communication between cells in skeletal muscle

A

Each fiber is an island. Single site of innervation. Don’t communicate between fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

More force in motion results from recruitment of?

A

More fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the sarcoplasm in skeletal muscle

A

Filled with cylindrical myofibrils. Striations reflect organization of thick and thin filament bands in the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

The contractile unit of the myofibril and is marked by the z disks in muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Light bands in muscle are also known as?

A

I bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dark bands in muscle are also known as?

A

A bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What bisects the I bands?

A

Z disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the band where actin and myosin overlap?

A

A band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where in the A band is there no actin?

A

H band (only myosin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

I band has only what type of cytoskeleton?

A

Actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is desmin?

A

Anchors myofibril to myofibril (contract together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of alpha-actinin and nebulin?

A

Bind actin to the Z disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of titin?

A

Binds myosin to the z disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is thicker actin or myosin?

A

Myosin

27
Q

Describe the mechanism of the sliding filament theory of contraction for muscle

A

In absence of ATP actin and myosin associate. ADP and P present on myosin are released allowing for the power stroke of myosin on the actin filament. ATP bids to the S1 fragment on myosin causing the S1 subsegment to reset with ADP and P

28
Q

In the power stroke of muscle contraction what happens?

A

Actin is pushed toward center of the sarcomere when ADP and P are released from myosin.

29
Q

Contraction does what to the sarcomere?

A

Pulls the z disks together decreasing the width of the H and I bands.

30
Q

What does the H band look like in fully contracted muscle

A

Disappears

31
Q

Describe regulation of muscle contraction

A

Troponin (attached to tropomyosin) in actin prevents the binding of the crossbridge head on myosin when relaxed. In presence of Ca+2, troponin changes shape allowing for myosin and actin interaction

32
Q

Troponin is associated with which myrofibril?

A

Actin

33
Q

The connection between actin and myosin is made from whom to whom?

A

Myosin head walks on actin (towards the + end)

34
Q

What is a T-tubule?

A

A deep invagination of the sarcolemma in muscle found only in skeletal and muscle cells. Allows signals to be transmitted to the interior very quickly.

35
Q

What is a triad in skeletal muscle?

A

T tubules overlap between A and I bands of sarcomeres and connect with terminal pairs of sarcoplasmic reticulum (located near Z disk)

36
Q

T tubule is short for

A

Transverse tubule (deep into muscle)

37
Q

Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle?

A

Ca+2 release mediated by ryanodine receptors. Ca+2 uptake mediated by Ca+2 ATPase

38
Q

Two types of skeletal muscle fibers

A

Type I - Red/Slow twitch

Type II - White/Fast Twitch

39
Q

Where would Type I skeletal muscle be found? Type II?

A

Leg muscle; Breast muscle

40
Q

Type I/II skeletal muscle vascularization

A

Type I has rich vascular supply

Type II has poorer vascular supply

41
Q

Type I/II Fiber diameter

A

Type I is smaller and weaker in contraction

Type II is larger and stronger in contraction

42
Q

Type I/II contraction speed

A

Type I is slow and resistant to fatigue

Type II is fast and easily fatigued

43
Q

Type I/II Myoglobin

A

Type I is rich in myoglobin

Type II is poor in myoglobin

44
Q

Type I/II Mitochondria

A

Type I is numerous

Type II is few

45
Q

Type I/II enzymes

A

Type I rich in oxidative enzymes

Type II poor in oxidative enzymes

46
Q

Type I/II sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Type I not extensive

Type II extensive

47
Q

Type I/II innervation

A

Type I has small diameter nerve fibers

Type II has large diameter nerve fibers

48
Q

Staining for succinate dehydrogenase will show what?

A

Fiber types in muscle (dark are Type I (oxidative) and light are Type II (glycolytic))

49
Q

T or F: Innervation can determine the skeletal muscle fiber type

A

T

50
Q

T or F: Damage to the motor neuron can potentially lead to change of skeletal muscle type

A

T, depends on muscle innervation

51
Q

T or F: There are intermediate fiber types between Type I and Type II

A

T (look darkish)

52
Q

Type I skeletal muscle use what energy source?

A

Oxidative (Fat)

53
Q

Type II muscle fibers use what energy source?

A

Glucose

54
Q

What is dystrophin?

A

A connection protein between the inside and outside world in muscle fibers. Loss leads to susceptibility to damage

55
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is?

A

Affects young boys only. Tend to have centrally located nuclei, immature cells. Don’t function well.

56
Q

Describe the muscle spindle

A

Used for proprioception. Two types of spindle cells: nuclear bag fiber and nuclear chain fiber. Group II sensor fibers and Group Ia afferent fibers detect motion and static gamma motor neurons move with the muscle

57
Q

Where is the muscle spindle located?

A

Bag around the external capsule

58
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

Contract sponateously, branched and connected by intercalated disks, one (sometimes two) central nucleus, glycogen granules, striated but less defined as skeletal muscle, does not regenerate

59
Q

How are cardiac muscle cells connected?

A

Intercalated disk in the I band. Fascia adherens with lots of gap junctions with actin interactions

60
Q

What are Purkinje fibers? Characteristics?

A

Translate pace maker signals through the heart. Very few myofibrils and have large diameter cells full of glycogen.

61
Q

What are atrial granules?

A

Filled with atrial natriuretic peptide to lower blood pressure by increasing sodium excretion and relaxing the blood vessel smooth muscle.

62
Q

Nuclei of smooth muscle location?

A

Centrally located

63
Q

T or F: Smooth muscle is connected by gap junction

A

T

64
Q

What are dense bodies?

A

Linked network of actin, desmin, and vimentin filaments to distribute strain during contraction of smooth muscle

Histology Exam 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions