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Histology Exam 2 > Bone Marrow > Flashcards

Bone Marrow Flashcards

0
Q

Detail the phases of hemopoiesis

A

Mesoblastic phase (2 weeks post conception, Yolk sac)
Hepato-splenic phase (2nd month, Liver and spleen)
Myeloid phase (2nd trimester and throughout life, bone marrow)
Leukocytes appear by 8th week of gestation

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1
Q

What are the two types of hemopoietic tissue in bone?

A 
Bone marrow (myeloid tissue)
Lymphoid tissue
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2
Q

Where does hematopoeisis occur post-birth?

A

Red bone marrow in the medullary cavity of long bones when young. That turns to yellow marrow when older. Can be repopulated to red if need be All red bone marrow is usually in the epiphyses (head) of bone

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3
Q

What is the stroma of bone marrow?

A

3D network of reticular ad adventital cells and reticular fibers (type III collagen)

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4
Q

Properties of capillaries in the stroma

A

Sinusoidal formed by continous layer of endothelial cells reinforced by reticular cells and fibers

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5
Q

What is the parenchyma of bone marrow?

A

Divided into hematopoietic compartments and responsible for the synthesis of erythrocytes and leukocytes

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6
Q

What are megakaryocytes?

A

Largest cells in bone marrow. Makes platelets

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7
Q

Erythroblastic islets function to?

A

Make RBC

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8
Q

Fibroblasts function to do what in the bone marrow?

A

Support the endothelium of the sinus capillaries and also produce the reticular fibers

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9
Q

T or F: Endothelial cells in bone marrow can be darkly stained by a separate stain to H&E

A

T

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10
Q

What stage of hematopoietic development are morphological differences apparent?

A

Precursor cells (blasts)

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11
Q

Pluripotent stem cells are made into what two possible cells for hematopoietic asymmetric differentiation?

A

Lymphoid multipotential cells

Myeloid multipotential cells

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12
Q

Lymphoid multipotential cells do?

A

Migrate to lymphoid organs and form LCFC (lymphocyte colony forming cell)progenitor cells then lymphoblasts then B and T lymphocytes

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13
Q

What is the process of cell differentiation from pluripotent cells?

A

Stem cells to progenitor cells to precursor cells (blasts) to mature cells

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14
Q

Describe the morphologic and mitotic characteristics of stem cells

A

Not morphologically distinct, all have aspect of lymphocytes. Low mitotic activity, self renewing, scarce in bone marrow

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15
Q

Describe the morphologic and mitotic characteristics of progenitor cells

A

Not distinguishable, have general aspect of lymphocytes, high mitotic activity, self-renewing, common in marrow and lymphoid organs, mono- or bipotential

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16
Q

Describe the morphologic and mitotic characteristics of progenitor cells

A

Beginning of morphological differentiation, high mitotic activity, not self renewing, common in marrow and lymphoid organs, monopotential

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17
Q

Describe the morphologic and mitotic characteristics of mature cells

A

Clear morphologic differentiation, no mitotic activity, abundant in blood and hematopoietic organs

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18
Q

Myeloid multipotential cells (stem cell) can be made into what?

A

Erythrocyte colony forming cells (ECFC), Megakaryocyte forming cell, MGCFC/Monocyte-colony-forming cell/Granulocyte-colony-forming cell, Eosinophil colony forming cell (EoCFC), and Basophil-colong-forming cell BCFC

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19
Q

Trace production of B and T lymphocytes from progenitor cells

A

Pluripotent to lymphoid multipotential cells (migrate to lymphoid regions) to LCFC to Lymphoblast to B and T lymphocytes

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20
Q

Trace production of Erythrocytes

A

PP cells to Myeloid multipotential cell in bone marrow to ECFC to Erythroblasts to Erythrocytes

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21
Q

Trace production of megakaryocytes

A

PP cell to Myeloid multipotential cell in bone marrow to megakaryocyte forming cell to megakaryoblast to megakaryocyte

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22
Q

Trace formation of monocytes

A

PP cell to Myeloid MP cell in bone marrow to MGCFC to MCFC to promonocyte to monocyte

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23
Q

Trace the formation of neutrophilic/eosinophilic/basophilic granulocytes

A

PP cell to myeloid MP in bone marrow to -CFC (G,Eo,B) to Neutro/Eosino/Basophilic myelocyte to Neutro/Eosino/Basophilic granulocyte

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24
Q

Pluripotent cells in bone marrow are how abundant?

A

Very rare <0.1% of nucleated cells in bone marrow

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25
Q

When are growth factors most effective on hematopoetic cells during differentiation?

A

Between progenitor and precursor cell stage. Growing to that point and decreasing after

26
Q

Follow Erythropoiesis stages

A

Proerythroblast to basophilic erythroblast to polychromatophilic erythroblast to orthochromatophilic erythroblast to reticulocyte to erythrocyte

27
Q

Follow granulopoiesis for neutrophil

A

Myeloblast to premyelocyte to Early neutrophilic myelocyte to late neutrophilic myelocyte to neutrophilic metamyelocyte to band cell to mature neutrophil

28
Q

Follow granulopoiesis for eosinophil

A

Myeloblast to premyelocyte to early eosinophilic myelocyte to late eosinophilic myelocyte to eosinophilic metamyelocyte to mature eosinophil

29
Q

Follow granulopoiesis for basophil

A

Myeloblast to premyelocyte to early basophilic myelocyte to late basophilic myelocyte to mature basophil

30
Q

A proerythroblast leads to how many RBC after erythropoiesis?

A

8 cells

31
Q

Properties of proerythroblast

A

Large, loose lacey chromatin, very visible nuceoli (ribosomes), basophilic cytoplasm

32
Q

Properties of basophilic erytroblasts

A

Onset of Hb synthesis, strong basophilic cytoplasm, condensed nucleus no nucleoli

33
Q

Onset of Hb synthesis occurs at what stage?

A

Basophilic erythroblast

34
Q

Properties of polychromatophilic erythroblast

A

Cytoplasm filled with Hb, polyribosomes begin to decrease, final stage of mitosis possible

35
Q

What is the last stage of mitotic division possibility for RBC?

A

Polychromatophilic erythroblast

36
Q

Properties of orthochromatophilic erythroblasts

A

Cytoplasm filled with Hb, few polyribosomes, condensed nucleus, sometimes called a normoblast (late orthochromatophilic erythroblast)

37
Q

Properties of reticulocytes

A

Anucleate, most immature form released into blood

38
Q

Length of time for RBC production?

A

3-5 days. Last for 120 days

39
Q

How does precursor RBC lose nucleus?

A

Via pyknotic body that is eaten by macrophage

40
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

cytokine that pushes erythroblast toward RBC differentiation

41
Q

Properties of myeloblast

A

Large round nucleus with finely dispersed nucleus, visible nucleoli

42
Q

Properties of promyelocyte

A

Basophilic cytoplas and azurophilic granules (lysosomes)

43
Q

Properties of Myelocyte

A

Coarse chromatin, neutrophilic,eosinophilic, or basophilic specific granules appear, final stage at which mitosis can occur

44
Q

When do azurophilic granules form?

A

Promyelocyte phase

45
Q

When do specific granules appear in granulopoiesis?

A

Myelocyte phase

46
Q

When does mitosis stop in granulopoiesis?

A

Myelocyte phase

47
Q

Properties of metamyelocyte

A

Indented nucleus with coarse chromatin.

N,E, or B specific granules increase in number

48
Q

Band form properties

A

Band or Ribbon shaped nucleus

Most immature stage released to circulating blood

49
Q

Stages of Monopoiesis

A

Monoblast to Promonocyte to Monocyte

50
Q

Properties of monoblast

A

Similar to myeloblast (large round nucleus with dispersed chromatin and visible nucleoli)

51
Q

Properties of promonocyte

A

Large cell, basophilic cytoplasm, slightly indented nucleus with lacy chromatin and evident nucleoli, last mitotic stage

52
Q

Last mitotic stage of monopoiesis

A

Promonocyte

53
Q

Location of lymphopoiesis

A

Circulating lymphocytes originate mainly in thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissue but all lymphocyte progenitors initially come from bone marrow.

54
Q

Stages of lymphopoiesis

A

lymphoblast to prolymphocyte to lymphocyte

55
Q

Properties of lymphoblast

A

first identifiable progenitor in bone marrow, large cell capable of dividing 2-3 times

56
Q

Properties of prolymphocyte

A

Smaller than lymphoblast, more condensed chromatin, lack surface antigens (T&B), migrate to lymphoid tissue to undergo further maturation and become immunocompetent

57
Q

Two types of leukemia

A

Chronic and Acute

58
Q

Properties of chronic leukemia

A

Slowly progressive, proliferating cells are partly or completely differetiated e.g. myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells seen in chronic granulocytic leukemia

59
Q

Properties of acute leukemia

A

Rapidly progressive, proliferating cells are undifferentiated precurosors e.g. myeloblasts as in acute myeloblastic leukemia

60
Q

Stages of platelet formation

A

Megakaryoblast to Megakaryocyte to Platelets

61
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Severe reduction in number of circulating platelets.

62
Q

What are the two types of thrombocytopenia purpura?

A

Petichiea (small dark spots of clotting) and Echymoses (bruise)

63
Q

T or F: Leukemia, metastatic cancer, and chemo drugs can lead to thrombocytopeneia

A

T

Histology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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