Musclar System Flashcards
What is skeletal muscle tissue?
- Voluntary control
- Attached to bone
- Responsible for body mobility
What are three types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal muscle tissue
- Cardiac muscle tissue
- Smooth muscle tissue
What is cardiac muscle tissue?
- Involuntary control
- Found in the walls of the heart
- Built in rhythm to pump the blood of the heart
What is smooth muscle tissue?
- Involuntary control
- Found in the walls of hollow organs (Vessels, stomach, intestines)
What are the four characteristics of muscle tissue?
- Excitability
- Contractibility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
Of the characteristics of muscle tissue what is excitability?
-The ability to receive and respond to a stimulus (any change in the internal or external environment)
Of the characteristics of muscle tissue what is contractility?
-The ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated
Of the characteristics of muscle tissue what is extensibility?
The ability to extend or stretch
The characteristics muscle tissue what is elasticity?
The ability of a muscle to recoil in resume it’s resting length after stretching
What are four different types of muscle functions?
- Produce movement
- Maintain posture and body position
- Stabilize joints
- Generate heat
Of the muscle functions how do they produce movement?
- All movements of the human body result from muscle contraction
- Blood moves through the body because of rhythmic contraction of the heart
Of the muscle functions what is maintaining posture and body position?
Muscles contract continuously, making tiny adjustments to counteract the downward pull of gravity
Of the muscle functions how do they stabilize joints?
When muscles pull on bones to cause movement, they stabilize and strengthen the joints of the skeleton
Of the muscle functions how do they generate heat?
Muscle generate heat as they contract, which is vital to maintaining normal body temperature
What are the four functional groups of muscles?
- Agonists
- Antagonist
- Synergist
- Fixator
What is agonists in the functional groups of muscles?
- A.k.a. prime movers
- The primary muscle responsible for producing a specific movement
What is antagonist in the functional groups of muscles?
- A muscle that opposes a particular movement
- When a prime mover contracts, the antagonist helps to regulate the action by contracting slightly to provide some resistance
- (to make it a smooth motion)
What is synergist in the functional groups of muscles?
A muscle that helps prime movers by either adding a little extra force or reducing unnecessary movements
What is fixator in functional groups of muscles?
A synergist that immobilizes a bone or muscle’s origin so the primary mover has a stable base on which to act
Name the seven skeletal muscles?
- Muscle location
- Muscle shape
- Muscle size
- Direction of muscle fibers
- Number of origins
- Location of attachments
- Muscle action
What are the 6 of the upper extremity and back muscles?
- Trapezius
- Deltoid
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Pectoralis major
- Biceps brachii
- Triceps brachii
What are 4 of the Lower Extremity muscles?
- Gluteus Maximus
- Quadriceps Femoris
- Hamstrings
- Gastrocnemius
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Trapezius muscle?
Origin: Occipital bone, spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle and Scapula
Action: Scapular election, depression, retraction, and upward rotation
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Deltoid muscle?
Origin: Clavicle and Scapula
Insertion: Humorous
Action: Shoulder flexion and medial internal rotation
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
Origin: Thoracic, lumber and sacral vertebrae and iliac crest
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Shoulder exertion, adduction, and medial rotation
Example: Swimming motion
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Origin: Clavicle, sternum, coastal cartilage and ribs 1-6
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Shoulder adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion and extension
Example: Push up, bench press
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Biceps Brachii muscle?
Origin: Two landmarks on scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Elbow flexion, forearm supination, and weak shoulder flexion
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Triceps Brachii muscle?
Origin: Scapula and various points on humorous
Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna
Action: Elbow extension and shoulder extension
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
Origin: Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: Femur, and lateral tibia via the iliotibial band
Action: hip extension, lateral rotation, and abduction
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Quadriceps Femoris muscle group muscle?
Origin: Ilium and various points on the femur
Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity
Action: Hip flexion and knee extension
What are the four muscles that the quadriceps Femoris is composed of?
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus Intermedius
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Medialis
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Hamstring muscle group muscle?
Origin: Ischium
Insertion: posterior tibia and fibular head
Action: hip extension and knee flexion
What are the three muscles that the hamstring is composed of?
- Biceps Femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Gastrocnemis muscle group muscle?
Origin: Posterior femur
Insertion: Calcaneus (via Achilles’ tendon)
Action: Knee flexion and Plantarflexion
Example: sprain or a strain
What are the two heads that the Gastrocnemisis are composed of?
- Lateral Head
2. Medial Head
