Biomechanics 2: Angular Kinematics and Kinetics Flashcards
What are the two processes of assessing motion in biomechanics?
- Qualitative
2. Quantitative
What is involved in biomechanics?
- Understand movement
- Assess movement
- Facilitate movement
Describe qualitative in biomechanics assessing motion?
- Subjective assessment of movement
- Used by PT’s, AT’s, OT’s, physicians, and PA’s
- Examples:
- Functional movement performance (how well)
Describe quantitative in biomechanics assessing motion?
- Objective measure of movement
- Used by PT’s, AT’s, OT’s, physicians, PA’s, engineers, coaches, Ergonomists, biomechanics
- Examples:
- Clinical measures
- Laboratory measures(number)
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative in biomechanics assessing motion?
Qualitative
- Can be performed in the field
- Cheap
- Fast
Quantitative
- mostly performed in the lab
- Expensive equipment needed
- Slower
What is unique about quantitative analysis of motion?
- Gives us the ability to measure or observe characteristics of motion that cannot be seen
- Rapid movements
- Forces
- Moments
- Muscle activation
How do we describe motion?
- Specific terms
- Numbers and equations
- In relationship to fixed objects
- In relationship to the coordinate system
Name the 24 terminology’s: Language for describing human motion?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Pronation
- Supination
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Inversion
- Eversion
- Elevation
- Depression
- Medial
- Lateral
- Superior
- Inferior
- Proximal
- Distal
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Superficial
- Deep
- Cephalic
- Caudal
- Dorsal
- Ventral
Describe motion: relative to an object?
What is a plane?
With reference to fixed objects
- Theoretical planes
- A two dimensional surface defined by two or more points on the same line
What are three anatomical planes of the body?
- Frontal
- Sagittal
- Transfers/horizontal
- We can describe positions with respect to these anatomical planes
Describe motion relative to an object?
- Motions can be described as occurring within a plane
- A motion is said to occur within a plane when the direction of motion is parallel to the surface of the plane
- Motion of a joint takes place around an axis
- An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates
- Three axis of rotation
What is frontal axis?
- The frontal axis passes horizontally from left to right
- Motion within the Sagittal plane occurs about the frontal-horizontal axis
- Example: running
What is sagittal axis?
- The sagittal axis passes horizontally from posterior to anterior
- Motion within the frontal plane occurs about the sagittal horizontal axis
- Example: Jumping Jack
What is vertical axis?
- The vertical axis passes vertically from inferior to superior
- Motion within the transverse plane occurs about the vertical axis
- Example: Pirouette
What is the plane of motion, axis of rotation, description term, anatomical structures involved in squatting?
Plane of motion- Sagittal plane
Axes of Rotation- Frontal axis
Descriptive term-Flexion/extension
Anatomical structures-femur, tibia, patella, quads, glutes, etc.
What is the plane of motion, axis of rotation, description term, anatomical structures involved in a jumping jack?
Plane of motion- frontal plane
Axes of Rotation- Sagittal axis
Descriptive term-Abduction/Adduction
Anatomical structures-humorous, scapula, deltoid, Latissimus, etc.
What is the plane of motion, axis of rotation, description term, anatomical structures involved in throwing?
Plane of motion- diagonal
Axes of Rotation- diagonal
Descriptive term-Diagonal Adduction
Anatomical structures-UE: deltoid, pectoralis, humorous, etc.
For running, squatting, or golfing swing, does motion only occur in one plane?
No!
Describe the motion that occurs while running?
Running
- At mid stance hip will move into hip internal rotation and adduction, tibia can internally rotate, and foot can evert - muscles work every step to resist these movements
Describe the motions that occur while squatting?
-During squat decent muscles will be working to prevent knee abduction
Describe motion in a coordinate system?
- Locating the body in space
- We use 3-D motion analysis, and establish a coordinate system to identify a body in space
Describe motion in a coordinate system?
Coordinates can be used to determine:
- Position of a segment
- Size of a segment
- Displacement of a segment
- Velocity of a segment
- Slope of a segment
- Angle between two segments
Name two types of angles?
- Absolute angle
2. Relative angle
Describe absolute angle?
- A.K.A. segment angle
- The angle between the segment and the right horizontal of the distal end
- Should be consistently measured in the same direction from a single reference-either horizontal or vertical
Describe relative angle?
- A.K.A. Joint angle
- Angle between the longitudinal axis of two adjacent segment
- Should be measured consistently on same side joint straight fully extended position is generally defined as 0 degrees
What 3 tools are used for measuring relative angles?
- Goniometers
- Inclinometer
- Electrogonimeters
