Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pe - Anatomy and Physiology > Musclar > Flashcards

Musclar Flashcards

1
Q

Name the muscles in the body (head-feet)

A

Anterior:
anterior deltoid
pectoralis major
biceps brachii
rectus abdominal
external obliques
wrist flexors
iliopsoas
adductor brevis
adductor longus
rectus femoris
tibialis anterior

Posterior:
trapezius
posterior deltoid
teres minor
teres major
triceps brachii
latissimus dorsi
wrist extensors
gluteus medius/minimus
gluteus maximus
adductor magnus
bicep femoris
gastrocnemius
soleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an agonist muscle?

A

the muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an antagonist muscle?

A

a muscle that opposes the agonist providing a resistance for co-ordinating movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a fixator muscle?

A

a muscle that stabilises one part of the body whilst the other moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the origin of a muscle location?

A

a point of muscular attachment at the stationary bone which stays relatively fixed during muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle location?

A

the point of muscular attachment to a moveable bone which gets closer tot the origin during muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three types of muscle contraction?

A

Isotonic Concentric
Isotonic Eccentric
Isometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Isotonic Concentric contraction?

A

muscular contraction which shortens while producing tension.
It accelerates an object and also helps to produce powerful contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a Isotonic Eccentric contraction?

A

muscular contraction which lengthens while producing tension.
It decelerates an object and also helps stops us/objects crashing into the ground as a result of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an Isometric contraction?

A

muscular contraction which stays the same length while producing tension.
It maintains a bodies position. That could mean reaming stationary or opposing another force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a smooth muscle?

A

has spindle-shaped, nonstriated uninucleated fibres.
occurs in walls of internal organs.
it is involuntary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a cardiac muscle?

A

has striated, branched, uninucleated fibres.
occurs in walls of heart.
is involuntary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a skeletal muscle?

A

has striated, tubular, multinucleated fibres.
is usually attached to skeleton.
is voluntary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three types of muscle fibres?

A

Slow oxidative (SO or Type 1)
Fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG or Type 2a)
Fast glycolytic (FG or Type 2b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Slow Oxidative muscle fibre?

A

Designed to store oxygen in myoglobin and process the oxygen in the mitochondria to break down fats and glucose in to ATP the only useable type of energy in the human body.
These fibres work aerobically, which means they can withstand fatigue for a long period of time, but can only produce a small amount of force in the contraction.
e.g. long distance running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Fast Oxidative Glycotic fibres?

A

These muscle fibres are structurally designed to produce a large amount of force relativley quickly but are also able to resist fatigue.
They have large neurons which innervate many muscle fibres at once.
They have large stores of phosphocreatine which help to maintain a anaerobic capacity.
e.g. a swimming 400m

17
Q

What are Fast Glycotic fibres?

A
  • They can exert a large force and have a fast contraction and relaxation time. - - They have large stores of phosphocreatine which enables an immediate energy supply.
  • work anaerobically meaning they can only work a short duration before fatigue.
  • They have large neurones with many fibres attached to one neurone which helps exert a larger force of contraction.
    e.g. shot putter
18
Q

How does a electrical impulse stimulate muscle contraction?

A
  1. nerve impulse initiated in the motor neuron cell body
  2. nerve impulse conducted down the axon of the motor neuron by a nerve action potential to the synaptic cleft
  3. neurotransmitter called acetylcholine is secreted into the synaptic cleft to conduct the nerve impulse across the gap
  4. if the electrical charge is above a threshold, the muscle fibre will contract
  5. this happens in. an “all-or-non” fashion
19
Q

what is the all or none law?

A

the principle that the action potential in a neuron does not vary in strength; the neuron either fires at full strength or it does not fire at all (full contraction or no contraction). whether it is ‘all or none’ depends on whether the stimulus (electrical impulse) is above a threshold.

20
Q

What is apart of the motor unit?

A

> Nerve impulses
Motor neuron
axon
muscle fibres
impulse electrochemical process
nerve action potential
motor end plate
neuromuscular junction
neurotransmitter
synaptic cleft
acetylcholine
threshold
all or nothing
muscular contraction

21
Q

what are motor neurons?

A

a nerve cell that conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibers

22
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon

23
Q

What is action potential?

A

positive electrical charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulse down the neuron and into the muscle fiber. the dendrites collect the signals and the axon transmits the signal to the neuromuscular junction

24
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

a chemical produced and secreted by a neuron which transmits the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fiber

25
Q

what is a single muscle fibre composed of?

A

it is composed of groups of myofibrils, each surrounded by a membrane called the sarcolemma

26
Q

What are the function of dendrites?

A

receive incoming signals from other neurons

27
Q

What is the function of myelin sheath?

A

> Protect and electrically insulate the axon
Increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

28
Q

What is the function of sarcolemma?

A

Surrounds muscle fiber and regulates entry and exit of materials

29
Q

What is the motor end plate?

A

location where an action potential can travel to to stimulate a muscle fibre - specialised synapses at the end of axon branches of a motor neuron

30
Q

What is spatial summation?

A

motor units are recruited slightly out of synchronisation, so the whole muscle shares the workload - good for when an athlete needs repeated muscle contraction over an extended period of time. One half is contracting whilst the other relaxes

Pe - Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions