Injury and Rehabilitation Flashcards
What is an acute injury
A sudden injury associated with a
traumatic event
- common causes are collisions
What is a chronic injury?
A slowly developed injury associated with overuse
- causes sudden inc in intensity, frequency of exercise, poor technique
What is a hard tissue injury?
Damage to the bone to the bone, joint or cartilage, including fractures and dislocations.
- can result in internal bleeding, circulatory problems, joint instability
What is a soft tissue injury?
Damage to the bone, joint or cartilage, including fractures and dislocations.
- can result in inflammation and bruising and require immediate attention to reduce recovery times
What are the signs and symptoms of an acute injury?
include sudden and severe
pain, swelling, bruising, lack of movement or disfiguration
What is a fracture?
A partial or complete break in a bone due to an excessive force that overcomes the bone’s potential to flex
What are signs and symptoms of fractures?
- Pain and discomfort at the site of fracture
- Deformity and swelling
- Discoloration
What is a compound fracture (open)?
the fractured bone breaks through the skin and creates an open wound with a high risk of infection.
What is simple (closed)?
Skin remains unbroken as the fracture causes little
movement of the bone. This minimises damage to the soft tissue surrounding it.
What is a Incomplete fracture?
Partial crack of the bone does not completely separate the bone
What is a Complete Fracture?
Total break in the bone which separates it into fragments
What’s a Greenstick Fracture?
Splitting partial break in the bone does resulting from a bending action
What’s a Comminuted Fracture?
Crack producing multiple fragments of bone and a long recovery process
Whats an Impacted Fracture?
Break caused by ends of
the bone being compressed together
What is an Avulsion Fracture?
Bone fragment detached at
site of connective tissue
attachment
What’s a Transverse, Oblique
and Spiral Fracture?
Crack perpendicular, diagonal or twisting diagonal across the length of the bone
Whats a Simple Fracture?
Break in a bone which causes little movement to the bone placement, minimising damage to the tissues
- common causes: Excessive impact force from collision,
falling or poor technique
Signs and Symptoms of a simple fracture?
Severe pain at fracture site.
Loss of movement.
Swelling and discoloration
What is the treatment for a fracture?
- Medical attention and in severe cases an ambulance will be required
- PRICE
- Immobilisation
- Anti inflammatory and pain medication
- Severe fractures may need surgery to realign bones(pins,wires,nails)
- Healing may take several weeks for a younger athlete to several months for an older athlete
- Physiotherapy will strengthen the connective tissues around the injured area and improve flexibility and mobility
What is a dislocation?
The displacement of one bone from another out of the original position
- occurs from collision or an indirect force, pushing joint past extreme RoM
Signs and Symptoms of dislocation?
Severe pain, loss of movement, deformity, swelling,
‘pop’ feeling
What’s a subluxation?
An incomplete or partial dislocation
- causes damage to ligaments, permanently lengthen them, decreasing joint stability
- increase recurrent dislocations
Treatment for dislocations?
- Immediate medical attention and ambulance if needed
- Immobilisation of joint
- PRICE
- Anti inflammatory and pain medication
- Severe and repeated dislocations may require surgery
What’s a haematoma
Localised congealed bleeding from the ruptured blood vessels
(bruise)
What’s a contusion/bruise?
- An area of skin or tissue in which the blood vessel has ruptured (torn)
- Most contusions are minor and heal rapidly with no break to play or training
- Severe contusions cause deep tissue damage , preventing
participation from happening for months. - Damaged tissue leads to a haematoma , localised congealed bleeding from the ruptured vessel.
- Haematomas can range from small bruises to deep bleeds that seep into the surrounding tissues
What are signs and symptoms of contusion/bruise?
swelling and discoloration
What’s a sprain?
Overstretch or a tear in the ligament that connects bone to bone
Sprain causes and symptoms?
- Usually caused by a sudden twist, impact or fall that forces the joint beyond its extreme range of motion.
e.g. in wrists, thumbs, ankle, knee - signs and symptoms include; pain, swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight
1st degree - 3rd degree sprain?
1st = overstretch of a few ligament fibres
2nd = partial tear
3rd = total rupture or detachment of a ligament from the bone
What is a rupture
A complete tear of a muscle, tendon or ligament
Treatment for sprains?
- Medical attention in extreme cases
- PRICE
- Immobilisation
- Anti inflammatory and pain medication
Functional rehab, strengthening, mobility and balance exercises
3rd degree severe sprains in rare cases may require surgery
Recovery can take several weeks to months and surgery will take
place only as a result of failure to respond to non surgical treatments
