Muscarinic antagonists Flashcards
What three muscarinic antagonists act on the eye?
atropine, homatropine, tropicamide
What are the effects of atropine, homatropine, and tropicamide?
Produce mydriasis and and cycloplegia.
Which organ system is benztropine typically given for?
CNS.
What are the applications of benztropine?
Parkinson disease, acute dystonia.
Which organ system is glycopyrrolate typically given for?
GI, respiratory
What are the applications of glycopyrrolate?
IV: pre-op to reduce GI secretions
PO: Drooling, peptic ulcer
Which organ system is hyoscyamine and dicyclomine typically given for?
GI
What are the applications of hyoscyamine and dicyclomine?
Antispasmodics for IBS.
Which organ system is ipratropium and tiotropium typically given for?
Respiratory
What are the applications of ipratropium and tiotropium?
COPD, Asthma
Which organ system is oxybutynin, solifenacin, and tolterodine typically given for?
GU
What are the applications of oxybutynin, solifenacin, and tolterodine?
Reduce bladder spasms and urge urinary incontinence (overactive bladder)
Which organ system is scopalamine typically given for?
CNS
What are the applications of scopalamine?
Motion sickness.
What is an “urgent” indication for atropine?
Bradycardia.
What are the effects of atropine?
Eye (pupil dilation and cycloplegia), Airway (decrease in secretions), Stomach (decrease acid secretion), Gut (decrease motility), Bladder (decrease urgency).
What is atropine an antidote for?
Organophosphate toxicity. Anti-DUMBBeLSS. (Why not E? – skeletal muscle + CNS mediated by N receptors).
What are the symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity/overdose?
Hot as a hare (inc in temp due to decreased sweating), dry as a bone (dry mouth, dry skin), red as a beet (flushed skin), blind as a bat (cycloplegia), mad as a hatter (disorientation). May cause urinary retention in BPH, hyperthermia in infants.
What is gardener’s pupil?
Jimson weed/datura –> mydriasis due to anticholinergic effects of plant alkaloids.
