muscarinic and nicotinic blocker

Question 1

Functionally the nervous system can be divided into 3 actions which are

Answer 1

sensation
integration
response

Question 2

autonomic efferent pathway uses how many neurons and in what arrangement to integrate the cns to peripheral organs

Answer 2

two neurons in series

Question 3

The sympathetic dopaminergic neurons act on what organ via what receptor

Answer 3

renal vessels via D1 receptors

Question 4

epibatidine
varenicline
lobeline
cytisine are all examples of

Answer 4

nicotinic agonist
choline and nicotine also(at low dose)

Question 5

list 2 natural and 2 synthetic selective nicotinic agonist for ganglion(neuronal type nicotinic receptor)

Answer 5

natural
nicotine(small dose) and lobeline

synthetic
dimethyl phenyl piperazinium (dmpp)
tetramethyl ammonium (TMA)

Question 6

ganglion stimulants are used both therapeutically and experimentally
T or F

Answer 6

F
they are not used therapeutically as there is no really useful purpose of stimulating both sympathetic and parasympathetic at the same time in disease state

Question 7

varenicline is a partial muscarinc agonist used to assist patient in quitting smoking
T or F

Answer 7

F
nicotinic agonist

Question 8

fill in the gaps with blockers of acetylcholine release and uptake in synapse at different stages
1.loading of ach into vessicles(VAT) - _____
2.excytosis of ach into synapse - _____
3.non-depolarizing blocking agents - _____
4.depolarizing blocking agents - _____
5.anticholinesterase - ______
6. choline transporter - ______

Answer 8

1. Vesamicol
2. botulin
3. tubocurarine(can also block presynaptic ach receptors
4. suxamethonium(succinylcholine)
5. neostigmine
6. hemicholinium

Nb: depolarizing vs non depolarizing blockers
non depolarizing blockers act competitively with acetylcholine(Competitive antagonist)
depolarizing blockers act as a ach agonist, bind to the receptor but overstimulate the post synaptic membrane leading to neuromuscular blockade and reduced sensitivity of receptors

Question 9

list 4 selective m1 receptor antagonist

Answer 9

pirenzipine
telenzipine
dicyclomine
trihexyphenidyl

Question 10

list 2 selective m2 antagonist

Answer 10

tripitamine
methoctramine

Question 11

m3 is excitatory in nature except in what tissue of the body

Answer 11

vascular smooth muscle
where it elicit a vasodilatory effect via nitric oxide
on visceral smooth muscle it cause contraction

Question 12

what muscarinic receptor stimulates secretion in exocrine glands and pancreas

Answer 12

m3 receptor

Question 13

what receptor mediates the PNS effect on the eye

Answer 13

M3

Question 14

list 4 m3 selctive antagonist

Answer 14

darifenacin
solifenacin
oxybutynin
tolterodine

Question 15

what muscarinic receptor acts as an inhibitory auto receptor (inhibits release of ach at synapse)

Answer 15

M4 receptor

Question 16

list 1 m4 antagonist

Answer 16

Himbacine

Question 17

list 2 natural antimuscarinic drug

Answer 17

atropine
scopalamine

Question 18

NOT A QUESTION

antimuscarinic drugs are divided into natural and synthetic
synthetic is divided into
1. structural analogue of atropine
2.structuraly unrelated to atropine

these 2 classifications are further divided into tertiary and quartenary amine/ammonium
ammonium for atropine analogues and amine for non atropine analogues

Answer 18

T

Question 19

classify the antimuscarinic drug homatropine

Answer 19

it is a tertiary amonium synthetic structural analogue of atropine

Question 20

classify homatropine methyl bromide

Answer 20

it is a quartenary ammonium, synthetic structural analogue of atropine

Question 21

classify ipratropium and tiotropium

Answer 21

it is a quartenary ammonium, synthetic structural analogue of atropine

Question 22

classify pirenzipine, dicyclomine and tropicamide

Answer 22

it is a tertiary amine , synthetic structural non related to atropine antimuscarinic drug

Question 23

classify methantheline and propantheline

Answer 23

it is a quartenary amine , synthetic structural non related to atropine antimuscarinic drug

Question 24

scopalamine is also known as

Answer 24

Hyoscine

Question 25

4-DAMP and hexahydrosiladefenidol are examples of

Answer 25

M3 antagonist

Question 26

atropine and scopalamine can cause the blood brain barrier
T or F

Answer 26

T
they are also lipid soluble

Question 27

what is the effect of atropine on the heart at low doses

Answer 27

at low doses it causes a paradoxical bradycardia unlike at normal doses

Question 28

Atropine produces excitatory effect in the CNS
T or F

Answer 28

T

Question 29

hyoscine(scopalamine) causes sedation at low doses
T or F

Answer 29

T
scopalamine is also an antiemetic (used to treat motion sickness/nausea)

Question 30

atropine causes temperature increase and as a mild anesthetic for the conjunctivi
T or F

Answer 30

F
cornea

Question 31

oral and local administration of tertiary amine antimuscarinic drug is rapid absorbed while inhalation of quartenary amine drugs is minimal
T or F

Answer 31

T

Question 32

hyoscine is better metabolized by liver and crosses the BBB better than atropine
T or F

Answer 32

T
atropine is only 50% metabolizable and the remaining is excreted unchanged in the urine

Question 33

what is the half life of atropine

Answer 33

4 hrs

Question 34

drugs that inhibits absorption of anticholinergic include

Answer 34

antacids
nb omeprazole is not an antacid