Murmurs Flashcards
1
Q
S1
A
- loudest at the apex
- sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing
- after S1 and before S2 is systole
- systole begins at #9: when LV pressure exceeds LA pressure
- systole ends at #17: when aortic and pulmonic valves close
2
Q
S2
A
- heard loudest at the base
- sound of pulmonic and aortic valves closing
- after S2 abd before the next S1 is diastole
- diastole beins at #17: when aortic and pulmonic valves close
- diastole ends at #9: when tricuspid and mitral valves close
3
Q
turbulent flow
A
- increased flow rate –> increased CO
- narrowing —> increased flow
- valve stenosis
- valve regurgitation
- other (VSD, HCM, PDA)
4
Q
A
5
Q
Grading a Murmur
A
6
Q
systolic murmurs
A
•closing of tricsupid and mitral valves
1) crescendo-decrescendo
- aortic stenosis
- pulmonic stenosis
- hypertrophic cardiac myopathy
2) holosysolic
- mitral regurgitation
- tricuspid regurgitation
- VSD
7
Q
A
- systolic - crescendo decrescendo
- aortic stenosis
- pulmonic stenosis
- hypertrophic cardiac myopathy
8
Q
A
- systolic - holosystolic
- mitral regeurgitation
- tricuspid regurgitation
- VSD
9
Q
diastolic murmurs
A
- closing of aorta and pulmonic valves
- decrescendo
- aortic regurgitation
- pulmonic regurgitation
•rumble
- mitral stenosis
- tricuspid stenosis
10
Q
A
- diastolic - decrescendo
- aortic regirgitation
- pulmonic regurgitation
11
Q
A
- diastolic - rumble
- mitral stenosis
- tricsupid stenosis
12
Q
aortic stenosis
A
- systolic murmur - left side
- crescendo decrescendo
- starts when aortic valve opens (#12) , stops when closes (#17)
- blood having a hard time pushing through
- syncope, angina, dyspnea
13
Q
mitral regurgitation
A
- systolic murmur - left side
- holosystolic
- begins when mitral valve closes (#9) and ends when mitral valve opens again (#21)
- starts as soon as systolic pressure is greater than atrial pressure, lasts as long as LV pressure exceeds LA pressure
14
Q
aortic regurgitation
A
- diastolic murmrur - left side
- decrescendo
- starts when aortic valve closes ( #17) and continues until aotic valve opens again (#12)
- heard better while pateint is sitting up, can cause head bobbing, murmur over femorals
- during diastole, blood leaks back
- high pulse pressure (systolic BP goes up a little, diastolic BP goes down)
- can cause a flow murmur during suystole due to extra blood
15
Q
mitral stenosis
A
- diastolic - left side
- rumble
- blood has a hard time pushing throuh
- starts when mitral valve opens (#21) and ends when mitral valve closes (#9)
- can end up causing a fib and pulmonary edema
