Drugs for Heart Failure Flashcards
1
Q
benazepril
A
- long acting ACE inhibitor: lowers BP, not HR
- stable chronic HF
- has M&M benefit
- use caution:
- angioedema
- pregnancy
- renal function
- cough
- hyperkalemia
2
Q
digoxin
A
- inotrope, inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, slows AV conduction by vagal effect
- for severe HF in addition to standard therapy
- morbidity benefit
- small therapeutic index
- caution:
- arrhythmias
- altered color vision - yellow vision, blurred vision
- confusion
- nausea/vomiting
- hyperkalemia
3
Q
furosedmide
A
- loop diuretic
- inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter
- oral for chronic stable HF
- used to control fluid retention in ADHF (acute decompensatd heart failure), stable HF
4
Q
hydralazine + isosorbide dinitrate
A
- direct acting vasodilator + nitrate combination to reduce cardiac afterload and preload, rerspectively
- for persons who cannot take ACE inhibitors or ARBs, also for end stage HF in addition to ACE inhibitor and ARB
- M&M benefit
- caution:
- hypotension
- headache
- interaction with ED drugs
5
Q
hydrochlorothiazide
A
- inhibits Na+-Cl- cotransporter
- mild HF or with furosemide in severe HF
- use caution:
- tolerance
- fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- hypokalemia
6
Q
ivabradine
A
- If (I-funny) channel blocker, slows heart rate
- reduces the risk for hospitalization = M benefit
- bradycardia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation
- fetal toxicity
7
Q
losartan
A
- ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker): lowers BP, not HR
- stable chronic HF
- M&M benefit
- alternative to ACE inhibitor
- use caution for patients with:
- angioedema
- pregnancy
- renal function
- cough(less)
- hyperkalemia
8
Q
metoprolol
A
•cardioselective beta blocker: low HR and low BP
- decrease in resistance, workload, output
- stable chronic HF
- has M&M benefit
- use caution for patients with:
- asthma
- unstable HF
- COPD
- PVD
- DM
9
Q
nitroglycerin
A
•nitrovasodilator, preload reduction •for acute HF especially when there is chest pain •caution: -hypotension -tolerance
10
Q
sodium nitroprusside
A
•nitrovasodilator- preload and afterload reduction •acute decompensated HF •hypotension •risk of cyanide or thiocyanate toxicity limits duration of use
11
Q
spironolactone
A
- MRA, aldosterone antagonist
- M&M benefit in NYHA class III/IV chronic HF
caution:
- hyperkalemia
- gynecomastia in men
- loss of libido in women
12
Q
valsartan/sacubitril
A
- ARB + neprilysin inhibitor for HFrEF
- in NYHA class II-IV HF
- M&M benefit
- hyperkalemia
- hypotension
- cough
- angioedema
- renal failure
- fetal toxicity
13
Q
carvedilol
A
•beta blocker
14
Q
lisinopril
A
•ACE inhibitor
