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Cardio > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus

A
  • separates the atria from the ventricles

* fat and vessels

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2
Q

anterior interventricular sulcus

A
  • marks the boundary between the ventricles anteriorly

* fat and vessels

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3
Q

posterior interventricular sulcus

A

•marks the boundary between the ventricles posteriorly

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4
Q

right atrium

A
  • blood returning from the body - inferior vena cava and superior vena cava (smooth surface continues into atria)
  • sinus venarum
  • auricle of the right atrium
  • pectinate muscle
  • crista terminalis - sulcus terminalis
  • fossa ovalis
  • valve for coronary sinus
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5
Q

sinus venarum

A
  • smooth surface of the RA

* derived from sinus venosus, which joins the RA during development

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6
Q

auricle of the right atrium

A

•vestige of primitive right atrium

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7
Q

pectinate muscle

A
  • underlying muscle in RA

* ridges and valleys

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8
Q

crista terminalis

A

•smooth sinus venarum and rough auricle of RA are separated by this ridge internally

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9
Q

sulcus terminalis

A

•smooth sinus venarum and rough auricle of RA are separated by this ridge externally

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10
Q

fossa ovalis

A

•foramen ovale in utero - remnant of a valve that shunted blood from the RA to the LA prior to birth

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11
Q

right ventricle

A
  • tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular)
  • trabeculae carnae
  • papillary muscles
  • chordae tendinae
  • interventricular septum
  • moderator band
  • pulmonary valve
  • conus arteriosus
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12
Q

tricuspid valve

A
  • separates RA and RV
  • aka right atrioventricular valve
  • three flaps
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13
Q

trabeculae carnae

A

•underlying muscle causing ridges and valleys in the rough surface of the RV

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14
Q

papillary muscles of RV

A
  • attach to flaps of the tricuspid valve
  • anterior, posterior and septal
  • keep the valve from prolapsing back into the atrium during heart contraction
  • one flap or leaflet has two papillary muscles associated with it
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15
Q

chordae tendinae of RV

A

•attachment between muscle and valve

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16
Q

conus arteriosus

A
  • smooth portion of the RV

* located superiorly in the direction of the pulmonary valve

17
Q

interventricular septum

A

•separates the right and left ventricles

18
Q

moderator band

A
  • carries part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundle

* originates on the interventricular septum and passes towards the anterior papillary muscle

19
Q

left atrium

A
  • receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
  • pulmonary veins - converge to from the LA
  • smooth walled
  • most posterior of the four chambers
  • “foramen ovale” can be seen in the right wall
20
Q

left ventricle

A
  • receives oxygenated blood from LA
  • pumps blood to aorta
  • rough, chamber walls thickest
  • mitral valve (left atrioventricular)
  • papillary muscles
  • chordae tendinae
  • aortic valve
21
Q

mitral valve

A

•aka left atrioventricular valve

Bicuspid

22
Q

papillary muscles of LV

A
  • attach to mitral valve flaps
  • prevents mitral valve flaps from prolapsing during ventricular contraction
  • anterior and posterior
  • one flap or leaflet has two papillary muscles associated with it
23
Q

chordae tendinae of LV

A

•attachment between muscle and valve

24
Q

Auscultatory Areas

A
  • aortic area - 2nd I.C.S. just right of sternum
  • pulmonary area - 2nd I.C.S. just left of sternum
  • mitral area - at apical pulsation
  • tricuspid area - left side of body of sternum just superior to the xiphisternal junction
25
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A
  • sets regular rhythm of heart
  • specialized cells that have an inherent rhythm for producing action potentials
  • junction of superior vena cava and RA
26
Q

atrioventricular node

A
  • near tricuspid (right atrioventricular valve)
  • second pacemaker
  • electrical impulses move to interventricular septum
27
Q

coronary arteries

A
  • blood supply to tissues of the heart
  • openings are in the sinuses of the aortic valve
  • open during diastole
  • right and left
28
Q

right coronary artery

A
  • passes anteriorly, in the coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
  • passes inferiorly and just superior to the inferior margin of the heart, gives off right marginal artery –> RV
  • proceeds posteriorly, still in coronary sulcus, giving off posterior interventricular artery between the right and left ventricles
29
Q

left coronary artery

A
  • emerges under the auricle of the LA
  • immediately divides into anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending artery) running in the anterior interventricular sulcus
  • and circumflex branch, which runs posteriorly in the coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
  • sometimes the posterior interventricular artery may branch off from left coronary artery instead of the right
30
Q

small cardiac vein

A
  • travels with the right marginal branch artery

* drain into the coronary sinus

31
Q

great cardiac vein

A
  • travels with anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

* drain into the coronary sinus

32
Q

middle cardiac vein

A
  • travels posterior interventricular artery

* drain into the coronary sinus

33
Q

anterior cardiac veins

A
  • drain surface of RV

* drain directly into RA

34
Q

cardiac plexus

A
  • innervation of the heart
  • ANS
  • sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
  • diffuse network of veins extending from in front of the trachea to the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk
  • nerve fibers the travel through the coronary plexuses (extensions of the cardiac plexus) to the coronary arteries –> components of the of the conducting system
  • parasympathetic innervation - vagus nerve - preganglionic - synapse in minute ganglia located in the plexus or in the walls of the atria
  • symapthetic innervation - postganglionic
35
Q

valves

A
  • formed from endocardium
  • core of dense fibrous connective tissue lined on both sides by endothelium
  • do not contain muscle and do not contract
  • bases of valves are attached to rings of the fibrous skeleton that surround the valve openings
36
Q

fibrous skeleton

A
  • in the core of the heart
  • four rings that support the four valves and the fibrous trigones to which cardiac muscle cells of the myocardium attach
  • does not conduct electrical signals well, provides discontinuity between atria and ventricles and ensures that their contraction is under the control of the electrical conduction system and synchronized
37
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A
  • cells found in bundle branches
  • located in subendocardial tissue
  • electrical conduction, not contraction
  • from endocardium to epicardium, apex to base
38
Q

Bundles of His

A

•bundle of cardiac muscle fibers that conduct the electrical impulses

Cardio (35 decks)

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