Gross Anatomy Flashcards
atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus
- separates the atria from the ventricles
* fat and vessels
anterior interventricular sulcus
- marks the boundary between the ventricles anteriorly
* fat and vessels
posterior interventricular sulcus
•marks the boundary between the ventricles posteriorly
right atrium
- blood returning from the body - inferior vena cava and superior vena cava (smooth surface continues into atria)
- sinus venarum
- auricle of the right atrium
- pectinate muscle
- crista terminalis - sulcus terminalis
- fossa ovalis
- valve for coronary sinus
sinus venarum
- smooth surface of the RA
* derived from sinus venosus, which joins the RA during development
auricle of the right atrium
•vestige of primitive right atrium
pectinate muscle
- underlying muscle in RA
* ridges and valleys
crista terminalis
•smooth sinus venarum and rough auricle of RA are separated by this ridge internally
sulcus terminalis
•smooth sinus venarum and rough auricle of RA are separated by this ridge externally
fossa ovalis
•foramen ovale in utero - remnant of a valve that shunted blood from the RA to the LA prior to birth
right ventricle
- tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular)
- trabeculae carnae
- papillary muscles
- chordae tendinae
- interventricular septum
- moderator band
- pulmonary valve
- conus arteriosus
tricuspid valve
- separates RA and RV
- aka right atrioventricular valve
- three flaps
trabeculae carnae
•underlying muscle causing ridges and valleys in the rough surface of the RV
papillary muscles of RV
- attach to flaps of the tricuspid valve
- anterior, posterior and septal
- keep the valve from prolapsing back into the atrium during heart contraction
- one flap or leaflet has two papillary muscles associated with it
chordae tendinae of RV
•attachment between muscle and valve
conus arteriosus
- smooth portion of the RV
* located superiorly in the direction of the pulmonary valve
interventricular septum
•separates the right and left ventricles
moderator band
- carries part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundle
* originates on the interventricular septum and passes towards the anterior papillary muscle
left atrium
- receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
- pulmonary veins - converge to from the LA
- smooth walled
- most posterior of the four chambers
- “foramen ovale” can be seen in the right wall
left ventricle
- receives oxygenated blood from LA
- pumps blood to aorta
- rough, chamber walls thickest
- mitral valve (left atrioventricular)
- papillary muscles
- chordae tendinae
- aortic valve
mitral valve
•aka left atrioventricular valve
Bicuspid
papillary muscles of LV
- attach to mitral valve flaps
- prevents mitral valve flaps from prolapsing during ventricular contraction
- anterior and posterior
- one flap or leaflet has two papillary muscles associated with it
chordae tendinae of LV
•attachment between muscle and valve
Auscultatory Areas
- aortic area - 2nd I.C.S. just right of sternum
- pulmonary area - 2nd I.C.S. just left of sternum
- mitral area - at apical pulsation
- tricuspid area - left side of body of sternum just superior to the xiphisternal junction
Sinoatrial Node
- sets regular rhythm of heart
- specialized cells that have an inherent rhythm for producing action potentials
- junction of superior vena cava and RA
atrioventricular node
- near tricuspid (right atrioventricular valve)
- second pacemaker
- electrical impulses move to interventricular septum
coronary arteries
- blood supply to tissues of the heart
- openings are in the sinuses of the aortic valve
- open during diastole
- right and left
right coronary artery
- passes anteriorly, in the coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
- passes inferiorly and just superior to the inferior margin of the heart, gives off right marginal artery –> RV
- proceeds posteriorly, still in coronary sulcus, giving off posterior interventricular artery between the right and left ventricles
left coronary artery
- emerges under the auricle of the LA
- immediately divides into anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending artery) running in the anterior interventricular sulcus
- and circumflex branch, which runs posteriorly in the coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
- sometimes the posterior interventricular artery may branch off from left coronary artery instead of the right
small cardiac vein
- travels with the right marginal branch artery
* drain into the coronary sinus
great cardiac vein
- travels with anterior interventricular artery (LAD)
* drain into the coronary sinus
middle cardiac vein
- travels posterior interventricular artery
* drain into the coronary sinus
anterior cardiac veins
- drain surface of RV
* drain directly into RA
cardiac plexus
- innervation of the heart
- ANS
- sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
- diffuse network of veins extending from in front of the trachea to the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk
- nerve fibers the travel through the coronary plexuses (extensions of the cardiac plexus) to the coronary arteries –> components of the of the conducting system
- parasympathetic innervation - vagus nerve - preganglionic - synapse in minute ganglia located in the plexus or in the walls of the atria
- symapthetic innervation - postganglionic
valves
- formed from endocardium
- core of dense fibrous connective tissue lined on both sides by endothelium
- do not contain muscle and do not contract
- bases of valves are attached to rings of the fibrous skeleton that surround the valve openings
fibrous skeleton
- in the core of the heart
- four rings that support the four valves and the fibrous trigones to which cardiac muscle cells of the myocardium attach
- does not conduct electrical signals well, provides discontinuity between atria and ventricles and ensures that their contraction is under the control of the electrical conduction system and synchronized
Purkinje Fibers
- cells found in bundle branches
- located in subendocardial tissue
- electrical conduction, not contraction
- from endocardium to epicardium, apex to base
Bundles of His
•bundle of cardiac muscle fibers that conduct the electrical impulses
