Multiword connectors (structures)

Question 1

+ Some phrases help CONNECT IDEAS in one clause to the ideas in another clause.
+ They CLARIFY the RELATIONSHIP between the two ideas.

In the first two examples, notice the conditional IF.

Notice also that both sentences express a negative situation – Laurie doesn’t know a lot about sustainability, and the company will not be using wind power

Answer 1

…Laurie talks as IF she knows a lot about sustainability.

…Even IF we wanted to use wind power, our company couldn’t afford it.

Question 2

In these sentences, the connectors IN CASE and PROVIDED THAT replace the conditional IF.

Answer 2

…We have extra solar panels IN CASE the main panels fail.
…We agreed to move, PROVIDED THAT they install a green roof .
…I’ll get solar panels, PROVIDED they’re affordable .

*desde que, uma vez que

Question 3

+ Use the connector NOW THAT to describe a situation that has recently changed.

+ Use NO MATTER WHAT to express something that has to happen.

Answer 3

…NOW THAT the city is using hydropower, our electric bill should be lower.

…I want solar power, NO MATTER WHAT the cost is.
…NO MATTER WHAT we do, fossil fuels remain scarce.

Question 4

Use TO THE EXTENT THAT to describe a degree or condition, something that must be in place before the statement can be true.

Answer 4

We’re in favor of wind power, TO EXTENT THAT it reduces energy consumption.

• na medida em que