Explaining and paraphrasing

Question 1

Use E.G. to give examples. It is the abbreviation for the Latin EXEMPLI GRATIA.

You can say the individual letters e then g, or you can say for example. Notice that, when written, e.g. has a comma (,) before but not after it.

Answer 1

…There used to be many currencies in Europe, e.g. the French franc, the German mark and the Spanish peseta.

…There used to be many currencies in Europe – for example, the French franc, the German mark and the Spanish peseta.

Question 2

Use I.E. to paraphrase. It is the abbreviation for the Latin ID EST.

You can say the individual letters i then e, or you can say that is or in other words. Notice that i.e. is preceded by a comma (,).

THAT IS, however, should be preceded by a semicolon or a period, and followed by a comma.

Answer 2

…There are different opinions about whether to expand, i.e. many people think that the EU is big enough now.

…There are different opinions about whether to expand; THAT IS, many people think that the EU is big enough now

Question 3

Here are some alternative expressions for GIVING EXPLANATIONS.

→ LOOK AT IT THIS WAY
→ IN OTHER WORDS

Use the expression an added plus for describing an ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGE.

→ AN ADDED PLUS

Answer 3

…Well, look at it this way: The Eurozone is a lot stronger with a single currency .

…In other words, a single large market is more powerful than many smaller markets.
_________
The EU created a single market. An added plus was that Europeans could move freely across borders .

Question 4

→ BY THE SAME TOKEN

Answer 4

…By the same token, Sowell argues, the poverty and strife endured by the people of sub-Saharan Africa, and their descendants in the New World, have causes beyond slavery and colonialism.