Multivariate Correlational Research

Question 1

Multivariate Correlations

Answer 1

Can build a case for cause using different techniques (pattern + parsimony, longitudinal research design)

Question 2

Longitudinal Designs

Answer 2

A study in which the same variables are measured in the same people at different times. Can provide evidence for temporal precedence. It follows the same group of people over time.W

Question 3

What makes longitudinal deisngs multivariate?

Answer 3

We are intersted in multiple variabels and their relationships to each other

Question 4

Cross-Sectional Correlations

Answer 4

Correlation b/w 2 variables measured at the same point in time. Investigates covariance

Question 5

Autocorrelations

Answer 5

The correlation of one variable w/itself, is measured at 2 different time points. Investigate the stability (or instability) of traits or behaviors over time

Question 6

Cross-lag correlations

Answer 6

A correlation b/w an earlier measure of one variable and a later measure of another variable. Investigates which variables occur first (AKA temporal precedence)

Question 7

Mediator

Answer 7

A variable that helps explains the reliability b/w 2 other variables (AKA what is a “cause” for the relationship)

Question 8

Test for mediation

Answer 8

“why are these two variables linked”

Question 9

Test for moderation

Answer 9

“are these 2 variables linked the same way for everyone, in every situation?”

Question 10

True or False: In a Bivariate Correlation, A is not associated w/ B

Answer 10

False! A is associated with B

Question 11

True or False: In moderation, A is associated w/ B?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False: In a third variable, A is associated with B

Answer 12

True! but only because C may be causing A and B to vary together

Question 13

True or False: In mediation, A is not associated w/ B?

Answer 13

False! A is associated with B because A leads to C, which then leads to B

Question 14

Bivariate Correlation EXAMPLE

Answer 14

The more years of education you complete, the higher your earning potential tends to be

Question 15

Moderation EXAMPLE

Answer 15

The more years of education you complete, the higher your earning potential tends to be, BUT the correlation may be stronger for cis men compared to other gender identities

Question 16

Third Variable EXAMPLE

Answer 16

The more years of education you complete, the higher your earning potential tends to be, but the correlation may be stronger for cis men compared to other gender identities, BUT this may be due to the city you grew up in. The wealthier the area, the more educational resources you have, and more availability of high paying jobs

Question 17

Mediation EXAMPLE

Answer 17

The more years of education you complete, the higher your earning potential tends to be, but the correlation may be stronger for cis men compared to other gender identities, BUT this may be due to the city you grew up in. The wealthier the area, the more educational resources you have, and more availability of high paying jobs BECAUSE the more years in school allows you to build communication skills. Those skills are essential in landing a high paying job