Multistore Model

Question 0

How long does information stay in sensory memory for

Answer 0

1-2 seconds

Question 1

What is the first memory store?

Answer 1

Sensory memory

Question 2

What is the job of sensory memory?

Answer 2

To process all information at an unconscious level and select the most important information to be passed on to the second memory store

Question 3

What two stores is sensory memory divided into?

Answer 3

The echoic store (processes sounds) and the iconic store (processes images)

Question 4

What is the second memory store?

Answer 4

Short term memory

Question 5

What is the capacity of short term memory?

Answer 5

5-9 items

Question 6

What is encoding?

Answer 6

Encoding is the way information is formatted and processed in order to be stored

Question 7

Who did research on the capacity of STM?

Answer 7

Miller

Question 9

How does STM prefer to encode information?

Answer 9

Acoustically

Question 9

What is the third memory store?

Answer 9

Long term memory

Question 10

What is the duration of STM?

Answer 10

18 seconds.

Question 11

What is the capacity of LTM?

Answer 11

Unlimited

Question 13

What is the duration of LTM

Answer 13

Potentially a lifetime

Question 13

How does information get from STM to LTM?

Answer 13

Through rehearsal

Question 14

What is the preferred encoding method of LTM?

Answer 14

Semantically

Question 15

Who proposed the multistore model?

Answer 15

Atkinson and Shiffron

Question 16

What fashion do the memory traces move in through the three different stores?

Answer 16

Linear fashion

Question 17

Describe Miller’s research into the capacity of STM

Answer 17

He gave people sets of random numbers and the amount of numbers in a set increased by one by each set. The majority of people could remember between 5-9 items

Question 18

Describe Bahrick et al’s research into the duration of LTM

Answer 18

Bahrick et al gathered 392 participants between the ages of 17 and 72. He wanted to see how many class mates they could recall after a long period of time. After 34 years participants could recall 90% of their classmates. After 48 years participants could recall 80% of class mates on name recognition and 40% on face recognition this suggests that information in long term memory can last a lifetime

Question 19

Describe research into the preferred encoding method in LTM

Answer 19

Participants were given a list of words to remember. After a set amount of time the list was taken away and replaced with a list containing the right words, homonyms and synonyms. Participants often chose the synonym over the homonym which suggests that LTM encodes semantically

Question 20

Describe Conrad’s research into the preferred encoding method of STM

Answer 20

We know this because Conrad showed participants 6 consonants for 3/4 of a second and then asked them to recall the letters immediately. Participants would make substitution errors for the letters that sounded similar. For example participants mistook v for p 82 times, but only mistook p for s twice.

Question 21

Describe Peterson and Peterson’s research into the duration of STM

Answer 21

Peterson and Peterson gave participants groups of three random consonants (a trigram) to learn, then were asked to recall them after 3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds. To prevent rehearsal the participants also had to count back in threes from a three digit number. 80% of participants could remember the trigram after 3 seconds, but after 18 seconds only 10% of participants could recall the trigram. Therefore it is believed that the duration of STM is 18-30 seconds

Question 22

Who did research on the duration of STM?

Answer 22

Peterson and Peterson

Question 23

Who did research on the duration of LTM?

Answer 23

Bahrick et al

Question 24

Who did research on the encoding of STM?

Answer 24

Conrad