Multiple Sclerosis (V.2) Flashcards
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS)
This leads to inflammation and scarring of the nerve, causing a decrease in nerve transmission.
What causes sensory and motor problems in Multiple Sclerosis?
The immune system attacks the myelin sheath found on the nerve, affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
This leads to various sensory and motor issues.
What are common symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis?
Symptoms vary among patients and include:
* Tremors
* Dysarthria
* Ataxia
* Cognitive issues
* Vision problems
Symptoms depend on which areas of the CNS are affected.
Which gender is more commonly affected by Multiple Sclerosis?
Women are affected more than men
MS typically appears in individuals aged 20-40.
What is relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)?
The most common form of MS where signs and symptoms come and go
Symptoms can appear and then disappear.
How is Multiple Sclerosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves:
* Assessing patient’s symptoms
* MRI to assess for lesions
* Lumbar puncture
* Evoked potential studies
There is no single test for MS; multiple assessments are required.
What are dendrites in the context of neuron signaling?
Dendrites receive the signal needed to create an action
This signal then travels to the soma of the neuron.
What role does the myelin sheath play in neuron function?
The myelin sheath insulates and protects the axon, allowing proper signal transmission
Demyelination disrupts this process.
What are early signs of Multiple Sclerosis?
Early signs include:
* Vision issues
* Tingling numbness
* Weakness
* Dizziness
* Balance issues
* Cognitive problems
* Issues speaking
Symptoms can worsen due to heat, known as Uhthoff’s sign.
What emotional and cognitive symptoms are associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
Symptoms include:
* Drained feeling
* Mood swings
* Fatigue
* Depression
* Trouble thinking
* Trouble articulating speech
These symptoms can significantly impact daily life.
What are some vision-related issues in Multiple Sclerosis?
Vision issues include:
* Nystagmus
* Optic neuritis
* Double vision
* Blurry vision
* Blindness in one eye
Patients may also experience pain when moving their eyes.
What are common elimination problems in patients with Multiple Sclerosis?
Common problems include:
* Incontinence
* Overactive bladder
* Hesitancy in urination
* Constipation/diarrhea
Nerves controlling bladder and bowel functions may be affected.
What nursing interventions are important for patients with Multiple Sclerosis?
Key nursing interventions include:
* Ensuring safety
* Preventing symptom worsening
* Keeping the environment cool
* Regular exercise as tolerated
* Using assistive devices
Avoiding infection and stress is crucial.
What is the function of beta interferon in treating Multiple Sclerosis?
Beta interferon decreases the number of relapses by reducing inflammation and immune response
It carries a risk of infection due to decreased white blood cell count.
What medication is used for bladder control in Multiple Sclerosis patients?
Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic that helps with an overactive bladder
It relaxes the bladder to prevent contractions.
