MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of multiple sclerosis?

A

a demyelinating disease of the CNS leading to sensory, motor and cognitive dysfunction

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2
Q

what is the function of astrocytes?

A

using their perivascular feet, they control the exchange of chemicals at the blood brain barrier

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3
Q

what is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

produce myelin sheath of cells in the CNS

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4
Q

which part of the nervous system does MS effect?

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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5
Q

what is the function of microglia?

A

analogous to macrophages in PNS, they destroy pathogens and remove damaged cells

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6
Q

what is the function of ependymal cells?

A

specialised epithelium lining the choroid plexuses and ventricles, they aid in production and circulation of CSF

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7
Q

what is the name given to the supporting cells of the CNS?

A

Glial cells

microglia are a specialised form of glial cell

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8
Q

what is saltatory conduction?

A

the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of ranvier to the next. Functions to increase speed of action potential transduction

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9
Q

what is the average age of onset for MS?

A

28 years old

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10
Q

How is MS pathologically defined?

A

the presence of distributed glial scars in the CNS, that are disemminated in space and time

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11
Q

what is Lhermitte’s sign?

A

burning sensation down the back and limbs when neck is flexed

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12
Q

what are the components of charcots neurological triad of MS symptoms?

A

intention tremor
nystagmus
dysarthria

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13
Q

what is Uhthoffs phenomenom?

A

worsening of MS symptoms in heat

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14
Q

what is the inheritence risk of MS?

A

1 in 25

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15
Q

which MS DMT binds the CD52 protein on the surface of mature lymphocytes?

A

Alemtuzamab

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16
Q

which MS DMT is a monoclonal antibody raised against the a4-integrin protein?

A

Natalizumab

17
Q

Which MS DMT is a sphingosine 1 receptor modulator?

A

Fingolimod

18
Q

Which MS DMT is an analogue of myelin basic protein?

A

Glatiramer acetate

19
Q

what is the mechanism of actionof dimethylfumerate?

A

pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitor

20
Q

what is the mechanism of action of beta interferon (2 mechanisms)?

A

balances pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines

reduces BBB permebility