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Nervous System > Multiple Sclerosis > Flashcards

Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is MS?

A

Inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS

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2
Q

What is the cause of demyelination?

A

Autoimmune response of T cells that cross the BBB

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3
Q

What is the course of MS?

A

Relapsing - remitting course

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4
Q

What are the sensory symptoms of MS?

A

Dysesthesia
Paraesthesia
Trigeminal neuralgia

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5
Q

What are the motor symptoms of MS?

A

Spastic weakness
Myelitis

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6
Q

What are the sexual/GU symptoms of MS?

A

Erectile dysfunction
Urine incontinence/retention

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7
Q

What are the GI symptoms of MS?

A

Swallowing disorders
Constipation

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8
Q

What are the cerebellar symptoms of MS?

A

Trunk and limb ataxia
Tremor
Slurred speech
Falls

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9
Q

What are the eye symptoms of MS?

A

Diplopia
Hemianopia
Optic neuritis
Visual phenomena
Pupil defects

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10
Q

What is optic neuritis?

A

Demyelination within optic nerve

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of optic neuritis?

A
  • Subacute visual loss
  • Pain on moving eye
  • Colour vision impaired
  • Resolves
  • Initial swelling optic disc
  • Optic atrophy (pale disc) seen later
  • Relative efferent pupillary defect
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12
Q

Why is MS a clinically isolated syndrome?

A

Episodes of demyelination disseminated in space and time

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13
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for MS?

A

Clinical diagnosis: Posers criteria
MRI based diagnosis: Macdonald criteria

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14
Q

What can be seen on MRI?

A

Lesion or plaques

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15
Q

What is the progressive phase of MS?

A

Loss of axons leads to development of persistent disability
Black holes on MRI

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of progressive MS?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Temperature sensitivity
  • Paraesthesia
  • Stiffness/spasms
  • Balanced/slurred speech
  • Bladder and bowel symptoms
  • Diplopia, visual loss
  • Swallowing problems
  • Cognitive memory lability
17
Q

What signs of MS can be seen on examination?

A
  • Afferent pupillary defect
  • Nystagmus
  • Cerebellar signs
  • Sensory signs
  • Weakness
  • Spasticity
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Plantar’s extensor
18
Q

What are the 3 types of MS?

A

Relapsing Remitting (RRMS)- 85%
Secondary progressive (SPMS)
Primary progressive (PPMS)- 10-15%

19
Q

What investigations are done for MS?

A
  • Lumbar puncture
  • Visual/somatosensory evoked response
  • Relevant blood tests
  • CXR
20
Q

What is the treatment for MS?

A

Treat relapses: Oral/IV prednisolone
Disease modifying treatment
General health and diet
Symptomatic treatment

Nervous System (18 decks)

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