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Nervous System > Anatomy Workbooks > Flashcards

Anatomy Workbooks Flashcards

1
Q

Briefly describe the process of neurulation and division of the neural tube

A
  1. Neural plate formation
  2. Neural folds form
  3. Neural folds fuse forming the neural tube
    Neural tube closure proceeds in cranial and caudal directions
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2
Q

Be able to name structures of a fully formed brain derived from each of the vesicles and neural tube cavity (ventricles)

A

3 primary vesicles: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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3
Q

What brain structures are derived from the forebrain?

A

Telencephalon, Diencephalon:
- Cerebrum
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What brain structures are derived from the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon:
- Midbrain

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5
Q

What brain structures are derived from the hindbrain?

A

Metencephalon, Myelencephalon:
- Pons
- Cerebellum
- Medulla oblongata

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6
Q

What ventricles are associated with the forebrain?

A

Lateral ventricle
Third ventricle

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7
Q

What ventricles are associated with the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalic aqueduct

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8
Q

What ventricles are associated with the hindbrain?

A

Fourth ventricle

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9
Q

Define the terms rostral, caudal, anterior/ventral, posterior/ dorsal in relation to the brain and spinal cord.

A

Rostral- towards the nose
Caudal- towards back of brain/bottom of spinal cord
Ventral- front
Dorsal- back

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10
Q

Define the term peduncle

A

Band of neurons connecting parts of the brain.
Cerebral peduncle- connect cerebrum and mid brain
Cerebellar peduncles- connect cerebellum and brain stem (superior, middle, inferior)

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11
Q

Define the term commissural fibres

A

Run horizontal
Create corpus callosum
Connect corresponding gray areas of right and left hemispheres

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12
Q

Define the term association fibres

A

Connect different parts of the same hemisphere

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13
Q

Define the term projection fibres

A

Run vertically ascending and descending to form the spinal cord
Connect at the decussation of pyramids

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14
Q

Define the terms decussation and chiasm

A

Decussation- crossing of two tracts that form the letter X

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15
Q

Name the arteries entering the cranial cavity to supply the brain and describe their course and branches.

A

Vertebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Arise in the neck and ascend to the cranium

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16
Q

Describe the formation of the circle of Willis and its clinical importance

A

Joining area of the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
Maintains adequate cerebral perfusion

17
Q

List the blood vessels supplying the different parts of the brain

A

Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
Posterior cerebral

18
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the spinal cord

A

Anterior spinal arteries
Posterior spinal arteries

19
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the brain

A

Venous sinuses
Great cerebral vein of Galen

20
Q

Name and locate the dural venous sinuses

A

Superior sagittal
Inferior sagittal
Straight
Occipital
Transverse
Sigmoid
Cavernous
Intercavernous
Superior and inferior petrosal

21
Q

Describe the location and anatomy of the cavernous sinus

A

Located in middle cranial fossa either side of the body of the sphenoid bone

22
Q

Identify the three meninges and state what is found between the layers of meninge

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia
CSF is in subarachnoid space

23
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the dura mater and the origin and course of this artery.

A

Middle meningeal artery
Branch of Maxillary artery, one of the 2 terminal branches of the ECA

24
Q

Name the folds of dura mater

A

Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diaphragm sellae

25
Q

Identify the dural venous sinuses within the folds of dura

A

Falx cerebri: superior sagittal, Inferior sagittal, straight sinus
Tentorium cerebelli: transverse sinus, superior petrosal sinus, straight sinus
Falx cerebelli: occipital sinus

26
Q

Define the term haematoma and distinguish between extradural and subdural haematoma in terms of their anatomical basis.

A

Collection of blood outside the blood vessels
Extradural- between dural mater an dinner surface of the skull
Subdural- blood collects under the dura mater

27
Q

State the location of the cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system

A

Subarachnoid space

28
Q

Describe how and where the cerebrospinal fluid is formed

A

Formed in the choroid plexus of lateral ventricles

29
Q

Describe the circulation and reabsorption of the CSF.

A

Produced in lateral ventricles
Circulates through interventricular foramens into the 3rd ventricle
Passes via cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle
Passes from 4th ventricle into subarachnoid space by a sign median aperture (of Magendie) and paired lateral apertures (pf Lushka)
Reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations

30
Q

Identify on a bony skull where the dural folds attach.

A

Falx cerebri: crista galli anteriorly
Tentorium cerebelli: dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone anteriorly

Nervous System (18 decks)

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