Multiple Memory Systems Flashcards
Declarative Memory System
S-S Learning
Dependent on functional hippocampus and surrounding cortex
Facts and events that require conscious recollection
Procedural Memory System
S-R Learning
Skills and preferences that can be acquired and expressed unconsciously
Emotional Memory System
S-Affect Learning (Like S-S learning, but second stimulus is a very strong emotion)
HM
Bilateral medial temporal lobe resection
High order perceptual, motor, and cognitive functions not affected (language, IQ, recognizing objects)
Couldn’t form new memories
Span of STM normal, but delayed
Memory from past (remote memory) spared
Sensory motor learning (mirror drawing task) and perceptual learning (partial pictures task) not affected
Verbal Priming
Saw list of words,
then presented with list of half words and had to complete them
Words HM came up with were words in the previous list, but failed recall test of previous list
Eye Blink Conditioning and HM
Trace conditioning resulted in no conditioning (delay presentation of CS and US)
Habitual Learning
Form of procedural learning
Respond or Place Strategies
Train animal in a T maze
2 types of learning- response (always turn right), place (turn towards the chair)
Flip maze, if animal still turns right, then response learning
If animal turns towards the chair then place learning
Minimal training- place learning, more training- response learning
Striatum
Regulation of voluntary movement, initiation and learning motor behaviour
Affected in Parkinson’s disease
Double Dissociation- Human Studies
Deck of cards to predict “rain” or “shine”
Parkinson’s patients perform poorly, amnesic patients do well
If asked about colour, shape off cards…etc, parkinson’s patients perform well, amnesic patients perform poorly
Demonstrates double dissociation, damage that results in procedural memory (striatum) doesn’t affect declarative memory (hippocampus)
Double Dissociation- Animal Studies
Place or Response Test
Inject lidocaine (local anesthetic that blocks action potentials, produces temporary brain lesions) into either hippocampus or striatum
Group 1- control
Group 2- hippocampal injection
Group 3- stratum injection
Group 2 switches strategies (uses hippocampus for place learning originally, then switches to striatum for response learning )
Group 3- place learning
Group 1- animals go back and forth between strategies/ brain areas
Fear Conditioning Experiment
Patient 1- Urbach-Wiethe disease (damaged amygdala)
Patient 2- Hypoxia. ischemia (lack or oxygen, hippocampal lesion
Patient 3- Temporal lobe (amygdala and hippocampus both affected)
Paired light/ tone with boat horn
Patient 1- no fear response developed
Patient 2- Fear response still developed
Win Shift Learning
S-S Learning
8 sugar pellets at the end of each arm (8 arms, 8 choices). Consume pellet (win), 7 other options, shift to another arm. Spatial memory task. Mistake is returning to a previous arm
Rats with hippocampal damage could not learn win shift task
Better performance for win stay task
Normal performance for place preference task
Win Stay Learning
S-R Learning
Add lights to entrance of arm (not end). Maze is dark, 4 arms are lit. Well trained animal enters lit arm, consume pellet, exit arm, repeat until light goes off, finds new arm that is lit (return to same arm over and over again)
Rats with damage to striatum can’t do win stay task
Performance in place preference and win shift not affected
Conditioned Place Preference
Stimulus Affect Learning
Put block on entrance of arm so they are stuck in the arm. Give them lots of fruit loops. Couple days later, confine them in arm again, no fruitloops
Test: block off all arms except for the original 2 arms
Memory of affect (memory of getting fruitloops), see which arm rat spends more time in
Damage to amygdala results in poor performance in place preference, normal performance in win stay and win shift tasks
