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LIFE SCIENCE > Multiple choice > Flashcards

Multiple choice Flashcards

1
Q

The hormone in humans responsible for the contraction of the

uterus during childbirth

A

oxytocin

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2
Q

The structure into which the ovule develops after fertilisation

A

seed

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3
Q

The lower neck of the uterus that opens into the vagina

A

cervix

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4
Q

The cells that secrete a male sex hormone

A

Interstitial cells/Cells of Leydig

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5
Q

State any ONE function of luteinising hormone (LH)

A

Causes the follicle to burst open/stimulates ovulation

Stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum

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6
Q

Haemophilia is a blood clotting disorder. Explain why mainly males
suffer from this disorder.

A

It is a sex-linked disease caused by a recessive allele
carried on the X chromosome .
Males need only one recessive allele to have the disease because they have XY combination,while females have to have both recessive alleles to have haemophilia
because they have an XX combination

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7
Q

Suggest FOUR reasons why more teenagers nowadays have unplanned
pregnancies.

A
  • Although contraceptives are easily available nowadays, many teenagers are not well informed about them
  • Families, nowadays, are less likely to provide teenagers with care and discipline
  • Teenagers are more exposed to sex in the media in these days
  • Teenagers are increasingly able to make their own decisions
  • Abortions are now legal and easily available
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8
Q

Explain why the cows and bulls with genotype RW have roan fur
and not only red or only white fur.

A

both alleles for fur colour are dominant therefore the are equally dominant or and both are expressed in the phenotype

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9
Q

Explain SIX advantages of using genetically modified organisms as a source
of food.

A

Control pests with specific genes inserted into the crop which is less
harmful to the environment than pesticides/ Reduce the need for the
use of chemicals
- Selecting the best genes to produce better resistant crops/stronger offspring to withstand harsh environmental conditions
- Using specific genes to increase crop yields/life stock improvement for food security
- Selecting genes to increase shelf life of plant products so that there is minimal waste
- Selecting genes that delay ripening of fruits to meet the demand locally and internationally
- Using specific genes to improve nutritional value of food for better health
- Using specific genes to introduce new traits in crops to suit specific needs of a population (e.g. to increase vitamin A in food)

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10
Q

another name for middle ear infection

A

ottis media

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11
Q

membrane below the scala vestibuli

A

reissners membrane

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12
Q

another name for yellow spot

A

fovea centralis and macula lutea

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13
Q

reaction of the pupil in response to stimulation of the retina by light

A

pupillary reflex

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14
Q

another name for short-sightedness

A

myopia

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15
Q

another name for long-sightedness

A

hypermetropia

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16
Q

curve of the lens of or cornea not uniform, so vertical and horizontal lines are not seen equally clearly.

A

astigmatism

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17
Q

2 main functions of nervous system

A

gathers information using senses

formulates responses to stimuli

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18
Q

function of cerebrum

A
  • voluntary actions
  • receives and interprets all sensations(sight,hearing)
  • memory
19
Q

function of hypothalamus

A
  • control of body tempreture
  • blood pressue
  • sleep
20
Q

function of cerebellum

A
  • co-ordination of voluntary actions
  • walking
  • balance
  • posture
21
Q

function of medulla oblongata

A
  • maintaining involuntary reflex functions
  • breathing
  • heart beat
22
Q

what are the 3 meninges that protect the braina and the spinal cord

A
  • dura matar
  • arachnoid
  • pia matar
23
Q

functions of cerebrospinal fluid found between pia matar and arachniod

A
  • cushions brain against shock
  • maintains even pressure in and around the brain and spinal cord
  • keeps nervous tissue moist
24
Q

what makes the area of the brain much larger?

A

-gyri and sulci of cerebrum

25
Q

what is the left and right hemisphere of the brain connected by

A

-corpus callosum

26
Q

what are the 4 lopes of the cerebrum

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • temporal lobe
27
Q

what connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerbellum

A

vermis

28
Q

function of somatic nervous system

A
  • SNS recieves info from receptors and conveys the info to the CNS.
  • transmits the impulses from the CNS to effector organs
29
Q

function of automatic nervous system

A

controls:

  • heart rate
  • breathing
  • digestion
  • gland functions
30
Q

function of nerves

A

nerves respond to stimuli and transmit impulses from one body organ to another.

31
Q

function of nerve tissue

A

-sense stimuli in both the internal and external environment
- analyse and give appropriate response in various organs
-

32
Q

function of schwann cells found along axon

A

-regenerate damaged neuron

33
Q

function of myelin sheath

A

-the sheath insulates the axon so that it transmits impulses faster

34
Q

Explain the significance of the elastic nature of the lens.

A

It allows the lens to change its shape/ become more convex as objects move closer
this allows the light rays to bend/refract more
so that a clear image is formed on the retina

35
Q

Exocrine glands

A

have ducts to carry secretions to places such as the surface of the target organ

36
Q

Endoccrine glands

A

secrete hormones into blood vessels that then transport them to target organs

37
Q

what is the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system

A

the NS functions using electric nerve signals to regulate processes and the functioning of the human body while the ES using chemical signals

38
Q

what are hormones

A

hormones are organic chemical messengers which are mostly protein.hormones act on target organs to regulate them and cause responses.

39
Q

functions of hormones

A
  • control growth and development of the body
  • maintain homeostasis
  • regulate metabolism and energy release
  • control the process of reproduction
40
Q

function of ADH

A

-regulates water content in blood as well as the bodys tempreture

41
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

the cycle of changes taking place in the uterus to provide a favourable environment for the development of a foetus

42
Q

A condition caused by a spinal cord injury above the first thoracic vertebra

A

quadriplegia

43
Q

Explain why neurons are not in direct physical contact with one another

A
  • to keep impulses moving in one direction

- to filter out unnecessary impulses

LIFE SCIENCE (12 decks)

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