Multiple A and role of Ftaher

Question 1

What possible explanation is there for why fathers were far less likely to be the primary A figure than mothers?

Answer 1

• possible men not psychologically equipped to form intense A due to lack of emotional sensitivity
• due to biological/ social factors
• oestrogen
• stereotypes

Question 2

What female hormone underlies caring behaviour and causing women to focus on more interpersonal goals?

Answer 2

Oestrogen

Question 3

How can cultural expectations and stereotypes lead to men being less likely to be the primary A figure than mothers?

Answer 3

considered rather feminine to be sensitive to the needs of others

Question 4

How do fathers interact with their new-born babies and how do they differ?

Answer 4

• Similar to mother - ensuring they are warm
• different behaviour style, more involved in playing instead of caretaking, more stimulating and unpredictable. Mother more comforting

Question 5

What did Paquette find that supports the difference in A behavioural styles between males and females?

Answer 5

F: more likely to encourage to take risk during physical play
- commonly structure talk around active play
M: Primarily emotional/ soothing/ reassuring talk
Supports S+E suggestion of inferior importance of non-primary correct?

Question 6

Whilst the emotional development of a child is often seen as a consequence of the A to the mother, what specific consequences appears to be with the A to the father as suggested by Verissimo et al?

Answer 6

• examined relationship between child’s A to both parents and later popularity in nursery school
• found Q of relationship between fathers and toddlers significantly correlated w/ number of friends at preschool

Question 7

What did Verissimo et al’s findings suggest about the relationship between the father and child?

Answer 7

• relationship between father appeared more important than A with mother in subsequent childhood friendship
• suggesting father’s A not so much inferior to mother’s, just different

Question 8

If mother and father A are significantly different one might expect levels of IS to differ but what did Mendonga et al find?

Answer 8

• When one parent present, father had similar level of IS to mother
• Mother’s presence reduced father’s IS to a greater extent but not vice versa
• presence of both parents causes traditional parenting roles to appear?

Question 9

Why does this study may have very little relevance in other cultures as suggested by Roopnarine et al?

Answer 9

-Findings based on Western families
R: pointed tendency for fathers to be involved in physical play not true across all cultures
EG: Fathers in middle-class Indian families show no tendency