multi store model of memory Flashcards
Define memory
A mental cognitive process which results in storing information
Name 3 processes
Capacity encoding and duration
What’s the definition of capacity and the differences in stm and ltm
How long memory can be stored in a specific place. Stm can hold 7+-2 and can increase that by chunking. Ltm could be unlimited
What’s the definition of duration and the differences in stm and ltm
How long a memory lasts before its no longer available. Stm is limited and can only last for seconds. Could ve improved by cognitive effort. Ltm almost unlimited if rehearsed
What’s the definition of encoding and the differences in stm and ltm
The form in which information is stored. Stm mainly acoustic ltm mainly semantic
Peterson and Peterson
a) see the effect of prevention on rehearsal
p) Nonsense trigrams eg xqj. Got psy students to count backwards in threes for either 3 6 9 12 18 secs to prevent recall.
f) 90% were recalled in 3 secs. Less then 10% for 18 secs.
c) stm is limited duration when rehearsal is prevented. this could be trace decay occurring
c) low ecological validity, real life we wouldn’t remember nonsense trigrams:(
low population validity as they used uni students so they usually use memory techniques for exams so could have an advantage from an average human:(
high internal validity because theyre controlling what happens (preventing rehearsal) and controlling for familiarity(nonsense trigrams) however demand characteristics:) :(
Baddeley
Found ps given similar words eg cat mat only recalled 15% of the words indicating acoustic confusion in stm
Bahrick et al
a) to see how many stores there are
p) opportunity sample asked ps aged between 17 and 74 to identify ex school friends from photos or name list. max time for leaving school is 48yrs. tested 4 ways - free recall names - photo recognition - name recognition - name and photo
f) 90% accuracy for face and name, 40%for face (48yrs), 80% name (48rs), free recall was 60% after 15 years and 30% after 48yrs
c) recognition is better than recall and ltm is not limited in capacity/duration. classmates are rarely forgotten once recognition cues are given
c) low population validity as only people with good memory would volunteer :( however they studied all ages
high ecological validity as we use our memories to remember people all the time. relative to life compared to nonsense trigrams :)
low internal validity because the person they’re trying to remember may be their next door neighbor or friend:(
Evaluation of msm
Research supports existence of separate memory stores. Kf brain damage affected stm not ltm.
Too simplistic
anecdotal evidence rehearse numbers/shopping list :) even without rehearsal a strange person would be remembered :(
empirical evidence peterson study agrees with rehearsal as after 18 secs it dropped to under 10% correct recall :) however bahricks faces and names shows model is too simplistic with just stm and ltm
explain the msm
stimulus- sensory memory- attention-stm-rehearsal- ltm-retrieval
