Multi-store Model of Memory

Question 1

MSM

Answer 1

A theoretical cognitive model of how the memory system processes info

Question 2

the MSM diagram

Answer 2

Stimuli
↓
+———————–+
| sensory memory
(Iconic / Echoic) |
+———————–+
↓
Attention (Selective)
↓
+———————–+
| Short-Term Memory |
⤴mantainence rehearsal
| (Working Memory) |
| (Capacity: 7±2 items)|
| (Duration: 18-30 secs)|
+———————–+
↓ ↑
Elaborative ↑
Rehearsal. Retrieval - inaccessible so retrieved
l in STM.
↓ ↑
+———————–+
| Long-Term Memory |
| (Unlimited Capacity) |
| (Potentially Unlimited|
| Duration) |
+——————————-+

Sensory Memory |

Question 3

coding for sensory memory, STM, and LTM

Answer 3

sensory memory - modality specific= take info via our senses
STM - acoustic= sound
LTM - semantic= by meaning

Question 4

capacity for sensory memory, STM, and LTM

Answer 4

sensory memory- unlimited - a large amount of info held, most not paid attention to so doesn’t enter STM
STM - 7+_2, maintenance rehearsal requires keeping info for 18 sec
LTM- unlimited

Question 5

Duration of sensory memory, STM, and LTM

Answer 5

Sensory memory- 250 ms
STM- 18 to 30 sec
LTM- unlimited- forgetting can occur due to retrieval failure interference

Question 6

Glanzer and Cunitz

Answer 6

P = evidence for serial position effect
E = research has found that recall was much stronger at the start and at the end of the list
E = this is because we have seeing the first words meant info would enter ltm (primary effect) and recent words being held in stm (recency effect)
l = therefore suggests evidence for maintenance and elaborative rehearsal and that stm and ltm are separate stores

Question 7

Spearing

Answer 7

P = evidence for sensory store
E = research showed that if people are shown stimuli for 50 milliseconds participants cannot recall the stimuli. Recall of a row was over 75%
E = this suggests that all rows are contained within the capacity of the Iconic store
L = therefore we need to pay attention to stimuli before it continues into stm

Question 8

Baddely

Answer 8

Participants were given a list of words to recall they were either acoustically similar and the similar or semantically similar- asked after 20 min- or dissimilar. Acoustically similar and semantically similar words had the last recall concluded that stm security acoustically an ltm is coded semantically

Question 9

Miller

Answer 9

Participants how to recall a list of numbers and letters found that capacity of stm is 7+-2 items capacity of stm equals limited but can be improved by chunking

Question 10

Peterson and Peterson

Answer 10

Participants were shown letter trigrams and later had to count backwards in 2 seconds to stop maintenance rehearsal -Found that duration of stm is 18 seconds

Question 11

HM study

Answer 11

P = evidence to show the difference between stores
E=Hm had a brain damage resulting in memory impairment after his surgery he was able to recall events from his life before surgery but enabled to retain any new information
E = such as that the memory stores are distinct and that empowerment means the system does not function effectively
L = supports the idea that MSM is a unitary system

Question 12

Limitations

Answer 12

MSM argue style information cannot be transferred into ltm without rehearsing it this is criticized because we can acquire information without rehearsing EG when a person has a big event and so it is processed into ltm immediately - msm is flawed
Wmm challenges the idea of a unitary system stating that memory stores are able to function independently for example KF was able to recall material in his ltm despite his stm being impaired