Forgetting - Retrieval Failure↔↕

Question 1

Retrieval failure (Cue dependant forgetting)

Answer 1

When information is stored in memory, assiciated cue are stored at the same time.

Question 2

State dependant failure

Answer 2

The cues at the time of learning are now absent

Question 3

Context dependent forgetting

Answer 3

When external environmental cues are now absent that were present at the time of learning

Question 4

Loftus and palmer (1974)

Answer 4

ℙ↠𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑊𝑇
𝔼↠ 45 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑜 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑦𝑒𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑 10 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔,”ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑔𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦…𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟? 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑒,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑. 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑘= 𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑠 48 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑= 𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑠 31.8
𝔼↠ 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑.
𝐿↠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑊𝑇

Question 5

𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 2 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑟

Answer 5

𝑃 - 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑊𝑇
𝐸 - 150 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 3 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑎 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ‘𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑠ℎ’, ‘ℎ𝑖𝑡’, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑, ‘𝑑𝑖𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠’
‘𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛’ = 16/50
‘𝐻𝑖𝑡’ = 7/ 50
𝐿= 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑦

Question 6

𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 2 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑟

Answer 6

𝑃 - 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑊𝑇
𝐸 - 150 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 3 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑎 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ‘𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑠ℎ’, ‘ℎ𝑖𝑡’, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑, ‘𝑑𝑖𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠’
‘𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛’ = 16/50
‘𝐻𝑖𝑡’ = 7/ 50
𝐿= 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑦