Mucosal Immunity In Disease

Question 1

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

Answer 1

Children who are not exposed to parasites and bugs get more allergy. This is because there is no production of regulatory cells to prevent hypersensitivity

Question 2

Describe mucosal response to infection?

Answer 2

Activation by pattern receptor recognition
Initiation of the NFkB pathway
Causes production of cytokines, chemokines and defences
Activates the underlying immune response

Question 3

Describe coeliac disease?

Answer 3

Gluten is viewed as an antigen and sets off the immune response

Question 4

Describe what endoscopy of Coeliac disease shows?

Answer 4

Scalloping

Question 5

What does Histology of Coeliac Disease show?

Answer 5

Villous Atrophy, Hyperplastic Crypts and loss of surface for absorption

Question 6

Coeliac Treatment?

Answer 6

Gluten Free Diet

Question 7

Testing coeliac compliance?

Answer 7

Testing IgA anti-TTG

Question 8

Describe inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 8

Caused by an imbalance in the gut’s tolerance of food substances and commensal bacteria

Question 9

Describe UC:

• Location
• Type of Inflammation
• Smoking
• Family Risk

Answer 9

Colon and rectum only
Superficial only
Protective
Low

Question 10

Describe Crohn’s

• Location
• Type of Inflammation
• Smoking
• Family Risk

Answer 10

All of GI tract
Transmural
Harmful
High

Question 11

What are the mediators in Crohn’s?

Answer 11

Th1, Gamma Interferon, IL-23

Question 12

What are the mediators in UC?

Answer 12

Th2, IL-5, IL-13

Question 13

What is the mediator produced by both Crohn’s and UC?

Answer 13

TNF Alpha

Question 14

Describe food allergy?

Answer 14

This is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Production of specific IgE, binds to mast cells - when food is re-encountered it causes mast cell degranulation and release of mediators