Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HDM - Final > Mucosal Immunity - Bowden > Flashcards

Mucosal Immunity - Bowden Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of mucosal immunity? 3

A

Provide defense at all mucosal surfaces (GI, respiratory, and urogenital)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the secondary function of the mucosal immunity? 3

A

Prevents Ags from entering circulation

Prevent an entire systemic immune response to an inappropriate Ag exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the major difference between mucosal and systemic immunity? 4

A

Mucosal immunity focuses on tolerance (stop it from getting in)

Systemic immunity is active against pathogens (its here and needs to leave)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we maintain oral tolerance? 5

A

By eating food (aka Ags)

Low [food]:
Th2 induction (IL-4 & IL-10), TGFβ secretion
=active suppression

High [food]:
Deletion or synergy of Th1 and Th2 cells
= clonal anergy and depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the stratification portion of immune regulation? 6

A

Minimizes contact between bacteria and epithelial surface via:

Mucin
Anti-bacterial proteins
IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the compartmentalizations portion of immune regulation? 6

A

Add

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

7

A

Add

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is immune exclusion? 8

A

Secreted IgA binds Ag (macromolecular pathogens) and keeps them trapped in the mucus until they degrade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of goblet cells

A

Innate immunity

Secrete mucus to serve as an anti-bacterial barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of Paneth cells? 10

A

Innate immunity

Secretes antibacterial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of M cells? 10

A

Innate immunity

Allow for sampling of Ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the cellular components of the mucosal barrier in the Gut? 11

A

Enterocytes - held together by tight junctions

Normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

13

A

Add

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does IgA represent as a dimer held together by a J chain within an enterocyte, but as a monomer in circulation? 14

A

There is a secretory component on the J chain of IgA dimers that allows it to be secreted into the lumen of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which adaptive cell type do commensal bacteria not activate? What is the consequence of this? 15

A

Commensals do not activate Th1 which ensures there will be no inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of M cells? 16

A

Microfold (M) cells

Allows for a sampling of WHOLE cells, like HLA, but without any cleaving

17
Q

What is the cluster differentiation for DCs specific to GALT? 17

A

CD103+

18
Q

19

A

Add

19
Q

What do GALT DCs produce? 17

A

Retinoic Acid (RA)

TGF-β + IL-2 + IL-10 –> antiinflammatory

20
Q

What kind of B cell population is present within GALT? 20

A

B-1 cell population

Either mIgA B cells or IgA plasma cells

21
Q

What are some very important characteristics of IgA? 21

A

Doesn’t fix complement or cause an inflammatory response

Instead simply neutralizes

This makes sure we don’t have a ton of inflammation in our gut

22
Q

What are the Intraepithelial lymphocytes? 23

A

CD8+

Tregs (~10%)

CD4+ (δ/γ)

23
Q

How do γ/δ T cells differ from α/β T cells? 24

A

γ/δ exist mucosal compartments

Recognize lipid Ags

Not HLA restricted - instead directly activated by PAMPs and DAMPs

24
Q

What is the role of Th17 in the gut? 25

A

Protect against EC bacteria and fungi

Regulated by DCs and Tregs (stop inflammation)

25
Q

What is the regulatory DC? 26

A

CD103+ (produce RA and TGF-β)

Produces tolerance

26
Q

What is selective IgA Deficiency? 29

A

Most common primary Ab deficiency

Presents as recurrent sinus infections (IgA responsible for protecting sinus)

27
Q

Why is IgA deficiency almost never diagnosed? 29

A

IgM also contains a J chain and is able to be secreted across mucosal surfaces

28
Q

What diseases are related to inappropriate mucosal immune response? 30

A

IBD (crohns, ulcerative colitis)

Food allergies

Celiac Disease (gluten sensitivity)

29
Q

What happens to the GI in malnutrition and starvation? 32

A

Mucosal atrophy and increase in intestinal permeability

Decrease IL-4 and IL-10

Decrease sIgA

CD4:CD8 ratio 1:1

30
Q

33

A

Read

HDM - Final (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions