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HDM - Final > Cell Meditated Immunity - Bowden (Completed) > Flashcards

Cell Meditated Immunity - Bowden (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are T cells activated in? 7

A

Lymph organs

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2
Q

What is the only cell capable of activating a naive T cell? 7

A

Dendritic cells

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3
Q

What cells are activated by macrophages and B cells? 7

A

Memory T cells

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4
Q

What is responsible for activating B cells and macrophages? 7

A

CD4 T helper cells

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5
Q

How do T cells enter lymph nodes? 8

A

Across High Endothelial Venules (HEV)

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6
Q

What happens if a naive T cell doesn’t encounter Ag while in a lymph node? 8

A

They leave and enter the next lymph node via a HEV looking for Ag

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7
Q

What causes proliferation and differentiation of T cells? 8

A

IL-2

CD4 increase (100 - 1000x)

CD8 increase (100,000x)

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8
Q

What is the maximum amount of time it will take for an Ag to be bound by naive T cells while in a lymph node? 8

A

Within two days

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9
Q

How long does it take for adaptive cells to leave the lymph node once activated? 9

A

Five days

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10
Q

During an interaction what does CD4 and CD8 bind to? 10

A

They both bind to the appropriate HLA Class (I or II)

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11
Q

Besides Ag binding via a HLA Class II, what else provides a stimulating signal between a B cell and a CD4 T cell? 10

A

(T cell) CD28—-B7-1/B7-2 (B cell)

B7-1/B7-2 also called CD80

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12
Q

What’s another name for B7-1/B7-2 activation receptor? 10

A

CD80

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13
Q

What are the adhesions molecules between APC and T cell? 12

A

(T cell) CD2 — LFA3 (APC)

T cell) LFA-1 — ICAM-1 (APC

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14
Q

How do integrins move from weak affinity to high affinity to stabilize interactions between T cells and APC? 13

A

Chemokines receptors change the affinity

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15
Q

What happens if a DC binds a naive T cell with only the HLA Class II + bacterial peptide? 14

A

If there is no CD80 (B7-1/2) to CD28 interaction the T cell will either not respond or become anergic

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16
Q

What is the first gene product produced minutes after T cell activation? 16

A

transcription factor C-Fos

C-Myc TF produced after hours

17
Q

What do Th1 cells stimulate on B cells? 20

A

Stimulate Class II HLA and CD80 presentation on Th1 cells

18
Q

What are the important functions of Th17? 22

A

Barrier function

Neutrophil activation

19
Q

What diseases are Th17 associated with? 22

A

Associated with Multiple Sclerosis, IBD, and RA

20
Q

What’s the main difference between bacterial superantigens and viral superantigens? 23

A

Viral superantigens are anchored into the APC membrane (DC)

Bacterial superantigens are soluble

21
Q

What symptoms are associated with superantigens? 24

A

Turning on of T cells non-specifically

Fever & Rash

Edema

hypotension (TNF-α and IL-1 increase vascular permeability

Multiple organ failure and shock

22
Q

What is one major difference between Effector T cells and resting naive T cells? 25

A

Effector T cell can respond to specific Ag w/o CD80-CD28 interaction

23
Q

What three general tasks occur in the lymph node? 26

A

Ag recognition

Proliferation

Differentiation

24
Q

How do Th cells migrate through the lymph node during resting and activation? 28

A

Activated by APCs in medullary area

CD4 T cells change chemokine expression allowing them to move to edge of follicular zone (down regulate-CCR7, upregulate-CXCR5)

25
Q

During infection why will naive T cells float by an Ag site while effector T cells stop? 30

A

Effector T cells have changed their integrin expression and are able to adhere and stop at the Ag site while naive T cells have not change their expression

26
Q

What cell is involved in intracellular parasite killing? 33

A

Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

27
Q

What is the cluster differentiation for Fas? 34

A

CD95

28
Q

Do CTL’s express Fas or FasL? 36

A

FasL - Fas ligand

29
Q

What cells are involved in Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)? What is ADCC? 41

A

Target cell death via Ab IgG

NK cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes (phagocytize in the blood)
30
Q

What happens with T cells in chronic infection? 42

A

The T cell response eventually declines due to wearing out of the T cell and they begin to express CTLA-4

31
Q

What cytokines do memory T cells require for survival? 45

A

IL-7

IL-15

32
Q

What T cells can become memory T cells? 45

A

Both CD4 and CD8 can become memory

33
Q

Why are memory T cells so quick to respond? 45

A

Because they only require HLA Class and not a co-stimulatory signal

34
Q

What is the transcription factor for production of Tregs? 47

A

FoxP3

35
Q

What will CTLA-4 (CD25) bind to?

A

B7-1/2 (CD80)

36
Q

What is PD-1? What is it found on? 48

A

Found on T, B, and Myeloid cells

Causes negative regulation of T cells

37
Q

How does Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) survive and evade our immune system? 49

A

Makes an analog of IL-10 to shut down surrounding immune response

HDM - Final (15 decks)

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