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3. Food Animal 2 > Mucosal disease without diarrhea > Flashcards

Mucosal disease without diarrhea Flashcards

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1
Q

mucosal diseases without diarrhea

A

Foot and Mouth
Vesicular Stomatitis
Bovine papular stomatitis

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2
Q

foot and mouth disease type of virus, genetic material

A
  • Aphthovirus (vesicle)
  • Family: Picornaviridae
  • Small single strand RNA positive sense
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3
Q

FMD serotypes? cross protection?

A

Serotypes (7 distinct serotypes)
* A, O, C, Asia 1, Southern African
territories (SAT) 1, 2, & 3
* Not cross protection between subtypes

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4
Q

FMD in Canada - is it here? outbreaks? concerns?

A
  • The last outbreak occurred in Saskatchewan in 1952
  • Illegally imported contaminated meat
  • Canada is FMD free
    > By the Office
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5
Q

FMD host

A
  • Affects cloven-hoofed animals
  • Artiodactyla:
    > Cattle, buffalo, swine, sheep, goats, camelids, deer, antelope
  • Other species:
    > Elephant, fox, rat, mouse, capybaras, hedgehog
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6
Q

FMD Morbidity/ Mortality

A

Morbidity
* 100% in susceptible animal population
* In FMD-free areas (Great Britain, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia)
<><>
Mortality less than 1% (0-15%)
* Higher in young animals and highly virulent virus strains

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7
Q

general reaction to finding an FMD positive animal

A
  • Animals generally destroyed to prevent spread
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8
Q

FMD pathogenesis

A
  • Pharyngeal and digestive mucosa infection and replication > replication in the stratum spinosum
  • > spreads locally and enters circulation > 2- 21 days fever > vesicle formation > mouth and rumen pillars
  • > skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration (Zenker’s necrosis)
  • Separation of superficial from basal epithelium and fill with fluid, slough of tissue
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9
Q

Animal Transmission of FMD? reservoirs? effectiveness of pasteurization?

A
  • Respiratory aerosols
    > Proper temperature and humidity
    > Survives 1-2 days in human respiratory tract
  • Direct contact
  • Ingestion of infected animal
    parts/products
    > AI, biologicals, hormones
  • Indirect contact via fomites
    > Shoes, tires, equipment.
  • African Cape buffalos can be lifelong carriers
  • Virus can survive pasteurization
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10
Q

what type of host of FMD are sheep/goats, pigs, and cattle? are they carriers and for how long?

A

sheep/goats - maintenance hosts, carriers in pharyngeal tissues 4-6 months

pigs - amplifiers, not carriers

cattle - indicators, carriers in pharyngeal tissue for 6-24 months

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11
Q

Human FMD? Transmission?

A
  • Very rarely develop mild clinical signs
  • Type O, C, rarely A
  • Act as a transmitter to animals
    > Harbor virus in respiratory tract for 1-2
    days
    > Contaminated boots, clothing, vehicles
    > Spread to susceptible animals
  • Ingestion of unprocessed milk or dairy products from infected animals
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12
Q

FMD incubation period and general clinical signs?Recovery period?

A
  • Incubation period: 2-12 days
  • Fever and vesicles
    > Feet, mouth, nares, muzzle, teats
    > Progress to erosions
  • Abortion
  • Death in young animals
  • Recover in two weeks unless secondary infections arise
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13
Q

FMD clinical signs in cattle

A

Oral lesions
* Vesicles on tongue, dental pad, gums, soft palate, nostrils, muzzle
* Excess salivation, drooling, serous nasal discharge

Teat lesions
* Decreased milk production

Hoof lesions
* Interdigital space
* Coronary band
* Lameness
* Reluctant to move

<><>
Oral & hoof lesions, salivation, drooling, lameness, abortions, death in young animals, “panters”; Disease Indicators

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14
Q

FMD clinical signs in pigs

A

Hoof lesions
* More severe than in cattle
* Coronary band, heel, interdigital space
* Lameness
<><>
* Snout vesicles
<><>
Oral vesicles less common
* Drooling is rare

<><>
<><>
Severe hoof lesions, hoof sloughing, snout vesicles, less severe oral lesions: Amplifying Hosts

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15
Q

FMD clinical signs in sheep and goats? consequence?

A

Mild, if any, signs
* Fever
*Oral lesions
* Lameness
<><>
*Makes diagnosis and prevention of spread difficult
<><>
<><>
Mild signs if any; Maintenance Hosts

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16
Q

types of vesicular diseases, and common symptoms

A
  • FMD
  • Vesicualr stomatitis
  • swine vesicular disease
  • vesicular exanthema of swine
    <><>
    All vesicular diseases produce a fever with vesicles that progress to erosions in the mouth, nares, muzzle, teats, and feet
17
Q

FMD clinical signs in horses, donkey, and mules?

A

Not affected

18
Q

FMD post mortem lesions

A
  • Clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, especially swine
  • Single or multiple vesicles
  • Various stages of development
    > White area, 2mm-10cm
    > Fluid filled blister
    > Red erosion, fibrin coating
  • Dry lesions (pigs)
  • Tiger heart
19
Q

FMD differential diagnoses in swine

A
  • Vesicular stomatitis
  • Swine vesicular disease
  • Vesicular exanthema of swine
  • Foot rot
  • Chemical and thermal burns
20
Q

FMD differential diagnoses in cattle

A
  • IBR, BVD, VS
  • MCF, Bluetongue
21
Q

clinical diagnosis of FMD vs other vesicular disease?

A

Clinically vesicular diseases are indistinguishable
* Salivation, lameness with vesicles requires further testing

22
Q

FMD diagnosis methods? what else mist be do?

A
  • clinical signs
  • laboratory tests
    > initial diagnosis
    => Virus isolation and identification
    > Antigen or nucleic acid detection (PCR)
    > Complement fixation
    > ELISA
    > Virus neutralization
    > Electron microscopy
    <><>
    Notify authorities and wait for instructions before collecting samples
23
Q

FMD prevention

A

Strict import restrictions
* Prohibit live ruminants, swine, and their products from FMD- affected countries
* Monitor travelers and belongings at ports of entry
<><>
* Biosecurity protocols for livestock facilities

24
Q

FMD recommended actions

A
  • Confirmatory diagnosis
  • Depopulation may occur
    > Proper destruction of exposed cadavers, litter, animal products
25
Q

FMD disinfection?

A
  • Effective solutions include
    > 2% sodium hydroxide (lye)
    > 4% sodium carbonate (soda ash)
    > 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
    > 0.2% citric acid
  • Areas must be free of organic matter
26
Q

FMD vaccination types? duration of immunity?

A
  • Must be type specific
  • Europe and South America use trivalent inactivated (from cell culture) against type A, O and C.
  • Vaccine and naturally induced immunity is short lived. Oil-adjuvant vaccine protect for up to a year
27
Q

FMD vaccination schedule? what does it prevent? what are most effective for outbreaks?

A
  • Vaccination: 2-3 times a year
  • Subclinical or mild disease occurs despite
    vaccination
  • Passive transfer protect calves for up to 5 months
  • Autogenous vaccines are the most effective during outbreaks

3. Food Animal 2 (20 decks)

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