MTM AP05 - skin

Question 1

What is the epidermis made of?

Answer 1

Epithelium of keratinised stratified squamous cells on connective tissue

Question 2

Going deep, what are the layers of skin?

Answer 2

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosm
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Dermis

Question 3

What produces melanin?

Answer 3

melanocytes

Question 4

What might improve grip?

Answer 4

dermal ridges

Question 5

What types of sweat glands are there?

What do they secrete?

Answer 5

eccrine - watery secretion with NaCl
Apocrine - saline based and more viscous than eccrine
Sebacious - sebum

Question 6

What do ducts in eccrine glands do?

Answer 6

they contain acidophilic cells, absorbing Na+ preventing excessive loss of water

Question 7

What limits cutaneous blood supply?

Answer 7

atrivenous anastomoses, reducing perfusion

Question 8

Where are proliferating cells usually found?

Answer 8

stratum basale, they then move upwards to the superficial layers, taking 30-40 days

Question 9

What are malignant melanocytes?

Answer 9

normal melanocytes often proliferate in the skin to form moles (benign), if malignant they often penetrate the basal lamina and enter the dermis.

Question 10

Why do some cells looked ‘prickled’?

Answer 10

the cells extend around the tonofibrils either side of the desmosome.

Question 11

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 11

Papillary (superficial) and reticular (deep)

Question 12

What blood supply lies between the papillary and reticular dermis?

Answer 12

microvascular subpapillary plexus

Question 13

What are Naevus cells?

Answer 13

larger melanocytes with no dendrites

Question 14

What is Psoriasis?

Answer 14

faster skin turnover

Question 15

How does UV affect skin?

Answer 15

It stimulates melanin production, it is still necessary though to stop you from getting rickets

Question 16

What coats the hair shaft?

Answer 16

sebacious oils (within the hair follicle)

Question 17

What are Meissner’s Corpuscles?

Answer 17

sensitive to light/ligh touch, found between the dermal and epidermal junction

Question 18

What is under the nail bed?

Answer 18

hyponchium which prduces more cells which produce more keratin

Question 19

What are Merkel cells?

Answer 19

only nerve cells in the epidermis, more of synapse with a free ending

Question 20

Why do melanocytes need to be replaced?

Answer 20

they travel down into the dermis and break down into a permanent collection of melanin

Question 21

What are Meissener’s receptors?

Answer 21

Tactile corpuscles

Question 22

What are Krause receptors?

Answer 22

bulbous corpuscles, detecting vibrations, frequencies

Question 23

Where are the different sweat glands found?

Answer 23

E - almost everywhere, particularly on soles, palm of hands
A - armpit and anogenital region
S - everywhere apart from the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet