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MTAP 2nd Semester > MTAP W4 (Rodaks: Megakaryopoiesis/Platelets > Flashcards

MTAP W4 (Rodaks: Megakaryopoiesis/Platelets Flashcards

1
Q
  • nonnucleated blood cells
  • diameter of 2.5 mm
  • 150 to 400 x 10^9/L
  • higher in women
  • lower in both sexes when over 65 years old
A

Platelets

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2
Q

trigger primary hemostasis

A

Platelets

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3
Q
  • Wright-stained wedge-preparation blood film
  • 7 to 21 cells per 1003 field
A

platelets

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4
Q
  • 30 to 50 mm in diameter- multilobulated nucleus and abundant granular cytoplasm
  • 0.5% of all bone marrow cells
  • are the largest cells in the bone
    marrow and are polyploid, possessing multiple chromosome
    copies
  • 2-4 per LPF
A

Megakaryocytes

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5
Q

product of the X chromosome gene

A

GATA

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6
Q

product of the ZFPM1 (zinc finger protein multitype 1)
gene

A

FOG1

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7
Q

In order of differentiation
least mature

A

burst-forming unit (BFU-Meg)

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8
Q

In order of differentiation
the intermediate

A

colonyforming unit (CFU-Meg)

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9
Q

In order of differentiation
the more mature progenitor

A

light-density CFU (LD-CFU-Meg)

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10
Q

All three progenitor stages of megakaryocytes resemble - and cannot be distinguished by Wright-stained light microscopy

A

lymphocytes

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11
Q

progenitor stage/s

participate in normal mitosis, maintaining a viable pool of megakaryocyte progenitors

A

BFU-Meg and CFU-Meg

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12
Q

progenitor stage

loses its capacity to divide but retains its DNA replication and cytoplasmic
maturation: ENDOMITOSIS

A

LD-CFU-Meg

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13
Q

is a form of mitosis that lacks telophase and cytokinesis (separation into daughter cells)

A

Endomitosis

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14
Q

Endomitosis

transcription slows

A
  1. GATA-1
  2. FOG1
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15
Q

Endomitosis

transcription factor; mediates the switch from mitosis to endomitosis by
suppressing the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, which suppresses the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton

A

RUNX1

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16
Q

Endomitosis

transcription factor; DNA replication proceeds to the production of 8N, 16N, or even 32N ploidy with
duplicated chromosome sets

A

NF-E2

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17
Q

Some megakaryocyte nuclei
replicate five times, reaching -; this level of ploidy is unusual, however, and may signal hematologic disease

A

128N

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18
Q

A single megakaryocyte may shed - platelets

A

2000 to 4000

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19
Q

A single megakaryocyte may shed 2000 to 4000 platelets, a process called -

A

thrombopoiesis or thrombocytopoiesis

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20
Q

megakaryocytes: a total turnover rate of -days.

A

8 to 9 days

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21
Q

platelet production rises by as much as tenfold

A

thrombocytopenic purpura

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22
Q

As endomitosis proceeds, megakaryocyte progenitors leave the
proliferative phase and enter -

A

terminal differentiation

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23
Q

a series of stages in which microscopists become able to recognize their unique Wright-stained morphology in bone marrow aspirate
films

A

terminal differentiation

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24
Q

Morphologists call the least differentiated megakaryocyte
precursor the -

A

MK-I stage or megakaryoblast

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25
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Nucleus: round
MK-I
26
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Nucleus: Indented
MK-II
27
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Nucleus: Multilobed
MK-III
28
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Chromatin: homogenous
MK-I
29
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Chromatin: moderately condensed
MK-II
30
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Chromatin: deeply and variably condensed
MK-III
31
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages N/C ratio: 3:1
MK-I
32
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages N/C ratio: 1:2
MK-II
33
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages N/C ratio: 1:4
MK-III
34
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Cytoplasm: basophilic
MK-I
35
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Cytoplasm: basophilic and granular
MK-II
36
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Cytoplasm: azurophilic and granular
MK-III
37
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Endomitosis: present
MK-I
38
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Endomitosis: ends
MK-II
39
Megakaryocyte Differentiation Stages Endomitosis: absent
MK-III
40
biologically identical to the megakaryocyte plasma membrane and ultimately delineates the individual platelets during thrombocytopoiesi
DMS/demarcation system
41
Nuclear lobularity first becomes apparent as an indentation at the 4N replication stage, rendering the cell identifiable as an -
MK-II stage, promegakaryocyte
42
The promegakaryocyte reaches its full ploidy level by the end of the - stage
MK-II
43
the most abundant - stage, the megakaryocyte is easily recognized at 103 magnification on the basis of its 30- to 50-mm diameter
MK-III
44
ploidy levels are measured using
mepacrine
45
a nucleic acid dye in megakaryocyte flow cytometry
mepacrine
46
flow cytometric megakaryocyte membrane marker which is the TPO receptor site present at all maturation stages
MPL
47
flow cytometric megakaryocyte membrane marker disappears as differentiation proceeds
CD34 marker
48
The platelet membrane glycoprotein - first appears on megakaryocyte progenitors and remains present throughout maturation, along with immunologic markers CD36, CD42, CD61, and CD62
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
49
a marker located on the IIb portion
CD41
50
shows platelet shedding
Thrombocytopoiesis
51
* growth hormone * 70,000 Dalton molecule * possesses 23% homology with the red blood cell–producing hormone erythropoietin
TPO
52
primary source of mRNA for TPO
liver
53
The plasma concentration of TPO is - proportional to platelet and megakaryocyte mass
inversely
54
also induces the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes and induces thrombocytopoiesis, or platelet release
TPO
55
a nonimmunogenic oligopeptide that is also effective in raising the platelet count in immune thrombocytopenic purpura
romiplostim
56
Other cytokines that function with TPO to stimulate megakaryocytopoiesis include interleukin -
3,6,11
57
interleukin: seems to act in synergy with TPO to induce the early differentiation of stem cells
IL-3
58
interleukin: act in the presence of TPO to enhance the later phenomena of endomitosis, megakaryocyte maturation, and thrombocytopoiesis
IL-6 and IL-11
59
stimulates platelet production in patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia
IL-11
60
transcription factors - diminish megakaryocytopoiesis at the progenitor, endomitosis, and terminal maturation phases
FOG1, GATA-1, and NF-E2
61
MARKERS: MPL, TPO receptor by FCM
BFU-Meg CFU-Meg LD-CFU-Meg MK-I MK-II MK-III PLTs
62
MARKERS: CD41: b3 portion of aIIbb3; peroxidase by TEM cytochemical stain
BFU-Meg CFU-Meg LD-CFU-Meg MK-I MK-II
63
MARKERS: CD42; GP Ib portion of VWF receptor, by FCM PF4 by FCM VWF by immunostaining
BFU-Meg CFU-Meg LD-CFU-Meg MK-I
64
MARKERS: CD34; stem cell marker by FCM
BFU-Meg CFU-Meg LD-CFU-Meg
65
MARKERS: Fibrinogen
PLTs

MTAP 2nd Semester (9 decks)

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