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MTAP 2nd Semester > MTAP W3 (Hematology W15: Acute Leukemia) > Flashcards

MTAP W3 (Hematology W15: Acute Leukemia) Flashcards

1
Q

LEUKEMIA WAS FIRST DISCOVERED BY

A

VIRCHOW

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2
Q

WBC WITH SPECIFIC GRANULES

A

GRANULOCYTES
1.NEUTROPHILS
2. EOSINOPHILS
3. BASOPHILS

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3
Q

WBC WITH GRANULES BUT NOT TOTALLY VISIBLE

A

AGRANULOCYTES
1. LYMPHOCYTES
2. MONOCYTES

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4
Q

GRANULOCYTE

GRANULES CONTAIN BASIC PROTEINS THAT STAIN WITH ACID STAINS

A

EOSINOPHIL

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5
Q

GRANULOCYTE

GRANULES CONTAIN ACIDIC PROTEINS THAT STAIN WITH BASIC STAINS

A

BASOPHIL

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6
Q

GRANULOCYTE

WITH GRANULES THAT REACT TO BOTH ACID AND BASIC STAIN= PINK TO LAVANDER COLOR

A

NEUTROPHILS

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7
Q

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRANULES AND STAINS ARE - PROPORTIONAL

A

INVERSELY

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8
Q
  • CLASSIFICATION

NEUTROPHIL ARE CLASSIFIED ACC TO THEIR GRANULATION

A

SCHILLING’S

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9
Q
  • CLASSIFICATION

NEUTROPHIL ARE CLASSIFIED ACC TO THEIR AGE, NUMBER OF LOBULATION/SEGMENTATION

A

ARNETH’S

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10
Q

NORMAL RANGE OF LOBULES

A

2-5

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11
Q

Categorized as monocyte and
lymphocytes

These cells have a non-segmented nuclei
but round ,oval, indented, or folded.

A

Agranulocytes / Mononuclear cells

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12
Q

WBC with phagocytic function(3)

A
  1. Monocyte
  2. neutrophils
  3. eosinophils
  4. basophils

(BMEN- boy and men)

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13
Q

WBC known as immune cells
/immunocytes

A

Lymphocytes (B and T cells)

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14
Q

Polymorphonuclear WBCS

A

granulocytes (NEB)

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15
Q
  • LEUKOCYTES

CELL: LARGE
NUCLEOLI: PRESENT
CHROMATIN: FINE AND DELICATE
NUCLEUS: NOT SEGMENTED
CYTOPLASM: DARK BLUE (RICH IN RNA)
N:C RATIO: HIGH

A

IMMATURE CELLS

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16
Q
  • LEUKOCYTES

CELL: SMALL
NUCLEOLI: ABSENT
CHROMATIN: COARSE AND CLUMPED
NUCLEUS: SEGMENTED
CYTOPLASM: LIGHT BLUE (LESS IN RNA)
N:C RATIO: LOW

A

MATURE CELLS

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17
Q

NC RATIO IS - PROPORTIONAL TO SIZE

A

DIRECTLY

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18
Q

Enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes may occur more predominantly in - LEUKEMIA

A

CHRONIC

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19
Q

Bone pain from a large
leukemia cell mass in the bone marrow is typical in the
- LEUKEMIA

A

ACUTE

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20
Q

Overproduction of various types of immature leukocytes in the
bone marrow and/ or peripheral blood

A

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

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21
Q

Overproduction of various types of mature leukocytes in the
bone marrow and/ or peripheral blood

A

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

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22
Q

for malignancy that starts in the
lymph system, mainly the lymph nodes

A

LYMPHOMA

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23
Q

A form of cancer of the plasma cells. In - , the cells overgrow, forming a mass
or tumor that is located in the bone marrow.

A

MYELOMA

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24
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on numbers of
WBC present in peripheral blood

WBC count >15.0 x 109/L

A

LEUKEMIC LEUKEMIA

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25
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on numbers of
WBC present in peripheral blood

WBC count <15.0 x 109/L
WITH immature or abnormal forms of WBCs present in
peripheral blood

A

SUBLEUKEMIC LEUKEMIA

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26
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on numbers of
WBC present in peripheral blood

WBC count <15.0 x 109/L
WITH NO immature or abnormal forms of WBCs present in
peripheral blood

A

ALEUKEMIC LEUKEMIA

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27
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on numbers of
WBC present in peripheral blood

WBC count <15.0 x 109/L
WITH NO immature or abnormal forms of WBCs present in
peripheral blood

A

ALEUKEMIC LEUKEMIA

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28
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on duration of
untreated disease

rapidly progressive

disease that lasts several days to 6 mos

Treatable

A

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

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29
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on duration of
untreated disease

2 to 6 mos

A

SUBACUTE LEUKEMIA

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30
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on duration of
untreated disease

most patients live a minimum of 1 or 2 years or more

A

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

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31
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on type of WBC
Involved

predominance of
immature (blast) WBC

A

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

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32
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on type of WBC
Involved

predominance of
mature/old WBC

A

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

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33
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on cell lineage

Granulocytic, monocytic, erythrocytic, megakaryocytic cell lines.

A

MYELOID LEUKEMIA

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34
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on cell lineage

T and B lymphocytes

A

LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

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35
Q
  • LEUKEMIA

AGE: 1ST DECADE
ONSET: SUDDEN
SURVIVAL: WEEKS-MONTHS
WBC: INC, N, DEC
DIFFERENTIAL: BLASTS PRESENT

A

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

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36
Q
  • LEUKEMIA

AGE: ADULTS
ONSET: INSIDIOUS
SURVIVAL: MONTHS-YEARS
WBC: INCREASED >50,000!
DIFFERENTIAL: MATURE CELLS

A

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

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37
Q

ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN

A

ALL

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38
Q

ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN ADULTS

A

AML

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39
Q

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN

A

CML

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40
Q

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA IN ADULTS

A

CLL

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41
Q

LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

  1. ANEMIA
  2. THROMBOCYTOPENIA
  3. NEUTROPENIA
  4. VARIABLE LEUKOCYTE

MARROW CELLULARITY: 70%

A

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

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42
Q

LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

MARROW BLASTS BASED ON WHO

A

> 20%

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43
Q

LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

MARROW BLASTS BASED ON FAB

A

> 30%

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44
Q

LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

  1. ANEMIA
  2. THROMBOCYTOSIS
  3. LEUKOCYTOSIS

MARROW CELLULARITY: 70%

A

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

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45
Q

LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

Unexplained weight loss or night sweats

A

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

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46
Q

LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy

A

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

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47
Q

LEUKEMIA: PREDOMINANT CELL TYPE

Immature/blast cells predominate.

A

ACUTE

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48
Q

LEUKEMIA: PREDOMINANT CELL TYPE

mature cells predominate.

A

CHRONIC

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49
Q

LEUKEMIA: PREDOMINANT CELL TYPE

myeloblasts

A

AML/ ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

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50
Q

LEUKEMIA: PREDOMINANT CELL TYPE

lymphoblasts

A

ALL/ ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA

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51
Q

LEUKEMIA: PREDOMINANT CELL TYPE

has granulocytes

A

CML

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52
Q

LEUKEMIA: PREDOMINANT CELL TYPE

has lymphocytes

A

CLL

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53
Q

LONG TERM USE OF - LEADS TO APLASTIC ANEMIA

A

CHLORAMPHENICOL

54
Q

ETIOLOGY: VIRUSES

A

1.EBV
2.HIV
3.HTLV

55
Q

DIAGNOSTIC CHROMOSOME FOR ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

A

t (15;17)

56
Q

SAMPLE FOR LEUKEMIA: ASPIRATE/BM BIOPSY

  • MOST COMMONLY USED SITE
A

POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC CREST

57
Q

NORMAL M:E RATIO

A

3:4-4:1

58
Q

ORGANIZATIONS THAT CLASSIFY LEUKEMIA

First system, still used by some
Subdivide leukemia according to cellular morphology, and cytochemical staining results.

A

FRECH AMERICAN BRITISH

59
Q

ORGANIZATIONS THAT CLASSIFY LEUKEMIA

FAB USES: (2)

A
  1. CELLULAR MORPHOOLOGY
  2. CYTOCHEMICAL STAINING

‘CC’

60
Q

FAB

Classified acute leukemia as presence of -% blast in the peripheral blood and bone marrow.

A

≥30%

61
Q

ORGANIZATIONS THAT CLASSIFY LEUKEMIA

Widely used to classify leukemia. It is now the standard
classification in diagnosing leukemia

A

WHO

62
Q

ORGANIZATIONS THAT CLASSIFY LEUKEMIA

WHO USES: (5) 2+3 NEW

A
  1. IMMUNOPHENOTYPING/ FLOW CYTOMETRY
  2. CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES
  3. CLINICAL SYNDROME

‘CIC’ ‘CCICC’

63
Q

WHO

Classified acute leukemia as presence of -% blast in the peripheral blood and bone marrow.

A

20%

64
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC

A

L1

65
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

LYMPHOBLASTIC

A

L2

66
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

BURKITT-TYPE

A

L3

67
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, MINIMIMALLY DIFFERENTIATED

A

M0

68
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, WITHOUT MATURATION

A

M1

69
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, WITH MATURATION

A

M2

70
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

A

M3

71
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

A

M4

72
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA

A

M4EO

73
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED

A

M5A

74
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, WELL DIFFERENTIATED

A

M5B

75
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA

A

M6

76
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ACUTE MEGAKARYOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

A

M7

77
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

UNDIFFERENTIATED BLAST, AML

A

M0

78
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

ITHOUT FURTHER MATURATION OF MYELOID CELLS

A

M1

79
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

MYELOID CELLS DEMONSTRATE MATURATION

A

M2

80
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

PROMYELOCYTE PREDOMINATE

A

M3

81
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

BOTH MYELOID AND MONOCYTIC CELLS

A

M4

82
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

MOST CELLS ARE MONOCYTIC

A

M5

83
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

PROLIFERATION OF BOTH ERYTHROID AND GRANULOCYTIC PRECURSOR

A

M6

84
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

LARGE AND SMALL MEGAKARYOBLAST

A

M7

85
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

SMALL CELLS, REGULAR NUCLEAR SHAPE

A

L1 HOMOGENOUS

86
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

LARGE CELLS, IRREGULAR NUCLEAR SHAPE

A

L2 HETEROGENOUS

87
Q

FAB CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

LARGE CELLS, ROUND/OVAL NUCLEAR SHAPE + VACUOLE
\S

A

L3 BURKITT LYMPHOMA

88
Q

WHO CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA

AML (4)

A
  1. AML T8;21
  2. AML INV16, T16;16
  3. AML T9:11
  4. APL T15:17
89
Q

LESS COMMON FINDINGS PHYSICAL EXAM FOR LEUKEMIA

A

GI HEMMORHAGE
HEMATURIA

90
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
BONE AND JOINT PAIN

A

ALL

91
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION

PREDOMINANCE OF BLAST CELLS
CLOSE TO 100% LYMPHOBLAST, LYMPHOCYTES AND SMUDGE CELLS

A

ALL

92
Q

THESE ARE FOUNF IN MYELOID LEUKEMIA

A

AUER RODS

93
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION

MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD ALL WITH BEST PROGNOSIS

A

FAB L1

94
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION

LYMPHOBLAST LARGE, HOMOGENOUS

A

FAB L1

95
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION

LYMPHOBLAST LARGE, HETEROGENOUS

CLEFTED NUCLEOLI

A

FAB L2

96
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION

ADULT TYPE ALL

A

FAB L2

97
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION

LYMPHOBLAST LARGE, HOMOGENOUS AND VACUOLATED

A

FAB L3

98
Q

LEUKEMIA CLASSIFICATION

POOR PROGNOSIS OF ALL

A

FAB L3

99
Q

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CD2,CD3,CD4,CD5,CD7,CD8

A

T-ALL

100
Q

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CD34,CD19,CD22

A

B-ALL

101
Q

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

MARKER FOUND IN SIGNIFICANT NUMBER IN PX WITH CHILDHOOD ALL (L1)

A

T12;21

102
Q

The diagnosis of ALL cannot be made with complete certainty until - procedures have been performed

A

CYTOCHEMICAL STAINING

103
Q

to distinguish the lymphoblasts and lymphocytes from positively reacting cells of AML.

A

CYTOCHEMICAL STAINING

104
Q

ALL BLASTS ARE - FOR SBB,PNA

A

NEGATIVE

105
Q

ACP REACTION IS POSITIVE IN PX WHOSE ALL IS OF T-LYMPHOCYTE

A

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA

106
Q

is an intracellular DNA polymerase that is present in T and B lymphoblasts.

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidly transferase (TdT)

107
Q

TdT is weakly positive in - cells.

A

pre-B cells

108
Q

TdT is strongly positive in 60% to 85% of -

A

T-cell thymocytes

109
Q

ALL based upon immunologic membrane surface
markers

which is also CD10, is the most common subtype.

A

COMMON ALL ANTIGEN (CALLA)

110
Q

This subtype is the most common form of ALL in children and morphologically, lymphocytes are of the FAB classification of L1.

A

COMMON ALL ANTIGEN (CALLA)

111
Q

ALL based upon immunologic membrane surface
markers

  • is a proliferation of
    lymphocytes that type negative for T-cell, B-cell, and CALLA surface antigens.
A

NULL CELL ALL

112
Q

ALL based upon immunologic membrane surface
markers

This functional subtype occurs mainly in boys

markers such as CD2 (using sheep RBC; i.e., E rosettes); TdT; and CD1.

A

T -CELL ALL

113
Q

ALL based upon immunologic membrane surface
markers

is the rarest of subtypes, and it corresponds to the FAB classification Burkitt’s Type L3.

A

B- CELL ALL

114
Q

This disorder is thought to be a memory-cell leukemia.

A

B- CELL ALL

115
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

Blasts exhibit myeloid markers CD13,
CD33, and CD34 but stain negatively
with the usual cytochemical stains,
myeloperoxidase.

A

FAB M0

116
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

It shows 90% or more marrow
myeloblasts; may have Auer rods
(fused primary granules)

A

FAB M1(AML without maturation)

117
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

May have Auer rods; chromosome
abnormality t (8;21)
CD 13, CD33 positive

A

FAB M2 (AML with maturation)

118
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

are SBB, MPO, and specific esterase positive.

A

FAB M1, M2, M3

119
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

promyelocyte with bundles of
Auer rods/faggot cells

A

APL; FAB M3

acute promyelocytic leukemia

120
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

CD13, CD33 positive
t(15:17)

A

APL; FAB M3

acute promyelocytic leukemia

120
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

Characterized by s = 20% (WHO) or >30% (FAB)
marrow myeloblasts with >20% cells of
monocytic origin; may have Auer rods

A

AMML; FAB M4

acute myelomonocytic leukemia

121
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

CD13 and CD33 positive (myeloid) and CD14
positive (monocytes)

A

AMML; FAB M4

acute myelomonocytic leukemia

122
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

Characterized by s = 20% (WHO) or >30% (FAB)
marrow monoblast

A

AMoL; FAB M5

acute monocytic leukemia

123
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

AMoL; FAB M5

seen in children (UNDIFFERENTIATED)

A

M5a

124
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

AMoL; FAB M5

seen in adults(DIFFERENTIATED)

A

M5b

125
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

Characterized by 3=20% (WHO) or >30%
(FAB) marrow myeloblasts and >50%
dysplastic marrow normoblasts

A

AEL, Di Guglielmo syndrome; FAB M6

Acute erythroleukemia

126
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

are
PAS +
CD45 and CD71 (glycophorin A) +

A

malignant normoblasts

AEL, Di Guglielmo syndrome; FAB M6

Acute erythroleukemia

127
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

proliferation of
megakaryoblasts and atypical megakaryocytes
in the bone marrow;

<1% of AML

A

AMegL; FAB M7

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia

128
Q

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
(FAB CLASSIFICATION)

CD41, CD42, and CD61 (platelet markers)
positive

A

AMegL; FAB M7

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia

129
Q
  • leukemias contain two cell populations.
    One population expresses myeloid antigens; the other population expresses lymphoid antigens.
A

BILINEAGE

130
Q
  • leukemias occur when myeloid and lymphoid antigens are expressed on the same cell; poor prognosis
A

BIPHENOTYPIC

MTAP 2nd Semester (9 decks)

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